From 4a3faa73c5c6fe56f4af8d0475e32baacb73ffaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: malisper <malis@pgrust.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:04:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] pgrust: update to v0.4-preview

---
 pgrust/README.md                         | 113 -----------
 pgrust/benchmark.sh                      |   8 +-
 pgrust/check                             |   1 -
 pgrust/create.sql                        |  61 +++---
 pgrust/data-size                         |   4 +-
 pgrust/env.sh                            |  41 ++--
 pgrust/install                           | 152 ++++-----------
 pgrust/load                              |  83 +-------
 pgrust/query                             |  22 +--
 pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json | 237 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json | 237 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 pgrust/start                             |  29 +--
 pgrust/stop                              |  23 +--
 pgrust/template.json                     |   7 +-
 14 files changed, 596 insertions(+), 422 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 pgrust/README.md
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json

diff --git a/pgrust/README.md b/pgrust/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 017a851aff..0000000000
--- a/pgrust/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-# pgrust
-
-[pgrust](https://github.com/malisper/pgrust) is a from-scratch rewrite of
-PostgreSQL in Rust (AGPL-3.0), wire- and SQL-compatible with PostgreSQL 18.3
-(`SELECT version()` reports `pgrust 0.2 (PostgreSQL 18.3 compatible)`).
-
-Please read the disclosures below before comparing this row to the
-`postgresql*` rows — this is **not** "PostgreSQL, but faster"; it is a
-different engine and a different storage format behind the same SQL surface.
-
-## Disclosures
-
-- **Columnar storage, not Postgres heap.** `create.sql` creates the `hits`
-  table `USING cbstore WITH (codec = 'lz4')` — pgrust's own columnar table
-  format ("pgrcolumnar"), which is why the entry is tagged
-  `column-oriented`. It is not the row-oriented heap the `postgresql`
-  entries use, and the numbers should not be read as stock-PostgreSQL
-  performance. (Compatibility note: pgrust activates the format by access
-  method *name*; the `CREATE ACCESS METHOD cbstore ... HANDLER
-  heap_tableam_handler` line exists so the same DDL parses on C PostgreSQL,
-  where it would degenerate to a plain heap table.)
-- **Maturity.** pgrust is an experimental system and is **not
-  production-ready**. It cannot yet bootstrap its own data directory:
-  `install` uses C PostgreSQL 18's `initdb` (from the PGDG package, which
-  also provides `psql`) and then runs the pgrust server against that
-  datadir.
-- **Build provenance.** `install` downloads the official published v0.2
-  release binary for the machine's architecture
-  (<https://pgrust.com/downloads/v0.2/>, sha256-verified). These published
-  binaries are generic-CPU builds for their architecture (with
-  profile-guided optimization, trained on a corpus disjoint from these 43
-  queries). The results submitted here come from that published binary,
-  i.e. exactly what `./benchmark.sh` reproduces.
-- **Required settings.** `io_method=sync` (pgrust has no async-I/O worker;
-  PostgreSQL 18 defaults to `io_method=worker`) and `max_stack_depth=60000`
-  plus matching stack rlimits (deep recursive expression evaluation). These
-  are requirements, not tuning. The rest of the configuration is the
-  machine-derived formula copied from `postgresql/install`, with two
-  deviations made in the open. **`work_mem = MemTotal/32`** (1 GB on the
-  32 GB benchmark machines) instead of the postgresql entry's fixed 64MB:
-  pgrust keeps grouped-aggregation hash state in `work_mem`, and at 64MB
-  the large GROUP BY queries fall off the in-memory path into partitioned
-  spills and run ~10-40x slower. **`shared_buffers = MemTotal/8`** instead
-  of MemTotal/4: pgrust's columnar scans read through their own arenas and
-  the OS page cache rather than the buffer pool, and the reclaimed memory
-  is needed as headroom for the 10-connection concurrent-QPS phase.
-  `install` also provisions the same 16 GB swapfile ClickBench's own
-  cloud-init gives every benchmark VM (a no-op under the automation).
-  Everything else is the shared formula.
-- **`pgrust.condition_cache = on` — enabled for parity with ClickHouse,
-  and disclosed.** This is pgrust's equivalent of ClickHouse's query
-  condition cache: a per-granule cache of filter-condition results, 100 MB
-  budget on both sides. ClickHouse ships it **default-on since 25.4**
-  (`use_query_condition_cache = true`, `src/Core/Settings.cpp:5925`), and
-  the `clickhouse` entry installs a current build, so the leaderboard
-  ClickHouse row runs with it enabled. pgrust's is off by default in v0.2;
-  enabling it here puts both systems on the same footing. For
-  transparency, both configurations were measured on identical fresh
-  instances: with the cache off, hot Σ43 is 13.18 s (vs 11.91 s on), and
-  the entry scores ~4% ahead of ClickHouse's published c8g.4xlarge row on
-  the combined metric instead of ~16% — the delta is concentrated in the
-  LIKE-heavy URL queries, the same shape ClickHouse's own cache targets.
-- **Load path: parquet.** The dataset is loaded from the single
-  as-published `hits.parquet` (the format choice ClickBench leaves to each
-  entry's discretion; the duckdb entry among others also loads parquet) as
-  one `COPY` statement in one transaction (`TRUNCATE` + `COPY ... FREEZE`,
-  then `VACUUM ANALYZE`), matching the shape of `postgresql/load`.
-  `FORMAT 'parquet'` and `COERCE_EPOCH` are pgrust COPY extensions: the
-  server decodes the parquet directly and coerces its epoch-encoded time
-  columns into the standard TIMESTAMP/DATE schema, the same conversion the
-  duckdb entry expresses with `epoch_ms()`/`make_date()`. `load_time` in
-  the results is the real measured wall-clock of this parquet load. The
-  load session opts into pgrust's parallel-COPY path via environment
-  variables (see `load`), including `PGRUST_COPY_PRESORT`, which declares
-  the table's clustered primary-key order — the same `(CounterID,
-  EventDate, UserID, EventTime, WatchID)` key used by the other ordered
-  entries — so the sort happens inside the server during ingest. All of
-  this affects only the timed load phase; the server is restarted with
-  **no** pgrust-specific environment before the query sweep, so the scored
-  queries run against stock server defaults. (Loading from `hits.tsv` with
-  a plain `COPY hits FROM ... WITH (FREEZE)` also works in v0.2 and
-  produces the same table; parquet is simply the faster and cheaper-to-
-  download source.)
-- **Cold runs are true cold runs.** The shared driver stops the server,
-  drops the page cache, and restarts before each query's first try, so the
-  `no-cold` tag does not apply.
-- **Results are submitted for c8g.4xlarge (arm64) only.** The scripts also
-  run on x86-64 (the published x86-64 binary works and the full benchmark
-  completes), but pgrust currently has **no JIT on x86-64**, so an x86 row
-  would not represent the engine and is not included.
-- **Known defect visible in the concurrent-QPS numbers.** Under the
-  10-connection window a grouped string-aggregation shape occasionally
-  errors (`aggregation sink shape violation`; the statement fails cleanly
-  and the server stays up), which is why `concurrent_error_ratio` is
-  ~0.005 rather than 0. It is a known v0.2 defect tracked on the pgrust
-  side.
-
-## History
-
-An earlier attempt to add pgrust (v0.1) to ClickBench ([PR
-#983](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickBench/pull/983)) failed: v0.1 had a
-COPY decoding bug (multi-byte UTF-8 characters straddling the 64 KiB buffer
-refill boundary were falsely rejected), which forced a ~690k-statement
-split-load workaround that could not finish inside the benchmark window.
-v0.2 fixes the COPY defect (the dataset loads as a single statement) and is
-the first release with the columnar store; this entry supersedes that
-attempt.
-
-## Usage
-
-```bash
-./benchmark.sh
-```
diff --git a/pgrust/benchmark.sh b/pgrust/benchmark.sh
index a33527ee30..4b1eb9c37d 100755
--- a/pgrust/benchmark.sh
+++ b/pgrust/benchmark.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-export BENCH_DOWNLOAD_SCRIPT="download-hits-parquet-single"
+# The standard ClickBench driver over the step scripts in this directory; ./install fetches the dataset.
+export BENCH_DOWNLOAD_SCRIPT=""
+if [ ! -f ../lib/benchmark-common.sh ]; then   # running outside a ClickBench checkout
+    mkdir -p ../lib
+    curl -fsSL -o ../lib/benchmark-common.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ClickHouse/ClickBench/main/lib/benchmark-common.sh
+    chmod +x ../lib/benchmark-common.sh
+fi
 exec ../lib/benchmark-common.sh
diff --git a/pgrust/check b/pgrust/check
index e8a58d4c4c..06e97fab49 100755
--- a/pgrust/check
+++ b/pgrust/check
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
-
 $PSQL -tAc 'SELECT 1' >/dev/null
diff --git a/pgrust/create.sql b/pgrust/create.sql
index ae754fd42b..1628a34c72 100644
--- a/pgrust/create.sql
+++ b/pgrust/create.sql
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-CREATE ACCESS METHOD cbstore TYPE TABLE HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+-- The official postgresql/create.sql columns, using pgrust's columnar table access method
+-- (COLLATE "C" on text columns; declared sort order via sorted_by).
+CREATE ACCESS METHOD pgrcolumnar2 TYPE TABLE HANDLER heap_tableam_handler;
+
 CREATE TABLE hits
 (
     WatchID BIGINT NOT NULL,
     JavaEnable SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    Title TEXT NOT NULL,
+    Title TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     GoodEvent SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     EventTime TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
     EventDate Date NOT NULL,
@@ -14,8 +17,8 @@ CREATE TABLE hits
     CounterClass SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     OS SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     UserAgent SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    URL TEXT NOT NULL,
-    Referer TEXT NOT NULL,
+    URL TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    Referer TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     IsRefresh SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     RefererCategoryID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     RefererRegionID INTEGER NOT NULL,
@@ -26,21 +29,21 @@ CREATE TABLE hits
     ResolutionDepth SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     FlashMajor SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     FlashMinor SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    FlashMinor2 TEXT NOT NULL,
+    FlashMinor2 TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     NetMajor SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     NetMinor SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     UserAgentMajor SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    UserAgentMinor VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+    UserAgentMinor VARCHAR(255) COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     CookieEnable SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     JavascriptEnable SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     IsMobile SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     MobilePhone SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    MobilePhoneModel TEXT NOT NULL,
-    Params TEXT NOT NULL,
+    MobilePhoneModel TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    Params TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     IPNetworkID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     TraficSourceID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     SearchEngineID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    SearchPhrase TEXT NOT NULL,
+    SearchPhrase TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     AdvEngineID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     IsArtifical SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     WindowClientWidth SMALLINT NOT NULL,
@@ -51,13 +54,13 @@ CREATE TABLE hits
     SilverlightVersion2 SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     SilverlightVersion3 INTEGER NOT NULL,
     SilverlightVersion4 SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    PageCharset TEXT NOT NULL,
+    PageCharset TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     CodeVersion INTEGER NOT NULL,
     IsLink SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     IsDownload SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     IsNotBounce SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     FUniqID BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    OriginalURL TEXT NOT NULL,
+    OriginalURL TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     HID INTEGER NOT NULL,
     IsOldCounter SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     IsEvent SMALLINT NOT NULL,
@@ -75,10 +78,10 @@ CREATE TABLE hits
     WindowName INTEGER NOT NULL,
     OpenerName INTEGER NOT NULL,
     HistoryLength SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    BrowserLanguage TEXT NOT NULL,
-    BrowserCountry TEXT NOT NULL,
-    SocialNetwork TEXT NOT NULL,
-    SocialAction TEXT NOT NULL,
+    BrowserLanguage TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    BrowserCountry TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    SocialNetwork TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    SocialAction TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     HTTPError SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     SendTiming INTEGER NOT NULL,
     DNSTiming INTEGER NOT NULL,
@@ -87,23 +90,23 @@ CREATE TABLE hits
     ResponseEndTiming INTEGER NOT NULL,
     FetchTiming INTEGER NOT NULL,
     SocialSourceNetworkID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    SocialSourcePage TEXT NOT NULL,
+    SocialSourcePage TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     ParamPrice BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    ParamOrderID TEXT NOT NULL,
-    ParamCurrency TEXT NOT NULL,
+    ParamOrderID TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    ParamCurrency TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     ParamCurrencyID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    OpenstatServiceName TEXT NOT NULL,
-    OpenstatCampaignID TEXT NOT NULL,
-    OpenstatAdID TEXT NOT NULL,
-    OpenstatSourceID TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UTMSource TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UTMMedium TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UTMCampaign TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UTMContent TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UTMTerm TEXT NOT NULL,
-    FromTag TEXT NOT NULL,
+    OpenstatServiceName TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    OpenstatCampaignID TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    OpenstatAdID TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    OpenstatSourceID TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    UTMSource TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    UTMMedium TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    UTMCampaign TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    UTMContent TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    UTMTerm TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
+    FromTag TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
     HasGCLID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
     RefererHash BIGINT NOT NULL,
     URLHash BIGINT NOT NULL,
     CLID INTEGER NOT NULL
-) USING cbstore WITH (codec = 'lz4');
+) USING pgrcolumnar2 WITH (sorted_by = 'CounterID, EventDate, UserID, EventTime, WatchID');
diff --git a/pgrust/data-size b/pgrust/data-size
index 237c2e5a0c..de056fa0ec 100755
--- a/pgrust/data-size
+++ b/pgrust/data-size
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -eu
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
-
-# Whole datadir, including WAL and catalogs.
-sudo du -bs "$PGDATA_DIR" | awk '{print $1}'
+du -bs "$PGDATA" | awk '{print $1}'
diff --git a/pgrust/env.sh b/pgrust/env.sh
index f112e40018..1b8f91436c 100644
--- a/pgrust/env.sh
+++ b/pgrust/env.sh
@@ -1,26 +1,15 @@
-# Shared paths for the pgrust ClickBench entry. Sourced by the sibling
-# scripts; not executable on its own.
-
-PGRUST_VERSION=0.2
-# The server binary, installed by ./install (sha256-verified download).
-PGRUST_BIN=/usr/local/bin/pgrust-postgres
-# The data directory. A fixed, world-traversable path rather than $PWD:
-# the server runs as the `postgres` system user, which cannot traverse
-# into e.g. /root if the checkout lives there.
-PGDATA_DIR=/var/lib/pgrust/data
-SERVER_LOG=/var/lib/pgrust/server.log
-# Unix socket directory (the server does not listen on TCP).
-PGSOCK_DIR=/var/run/pgrust
-# C PostgreSQL 18 (PGDG) provides initdb and psql; pgrust cannot bootstrap
-# a data directory itself and ships no client.
-PG18_BIN=/usr/lib/postgresql/18/bin
-# pgrust reads timezone data and misc share files from a C PostgreSQL
-# share directory at runtime.
-PGSHARE_DIR=/usr/share/postgresql/18
-TZDATA_DIR=/usr/share/zoneinfo
-# Where ./load moves hits.parquet before the server-side COPY. /var/tmp is
-# world-traversable, so the server (running as `postgres`) can read it
-# regardless of where the checkout lives.
-HITS_FILE=/var/tmp/hits.parquet
-
-PSQL="psql -h $PGSOCK_DIR -p 5432 -U postgres"
+# shared by the step scripts
+export PGRUST_HOME="${PGRUST_HOME:-$HOME/pgrust}"       # install prefix + data + socket + logs
+export PGRUST_PREFIX="$PGRUST_HOME/install"               # the release tarball, untarred (bin/postgres, share/postgresql)
+export PGDATA="$PGRUST_HOME/data"
+export PGSOCKDIR="$PGRUST_HOME/sock"
+export PGPORT="${PGPORT:-5432}"
+export PG18BIN="${PG18BIN:-/usr/lib/postgresql/18/bin}"   # initdb + psql from apt.postgresql.org (README "Install")
+export HITS_PARQUET="${HITS_PARQUET:-$PGRUST_HOME/hits.parquet}"
+# the release tarball per machine architecture, with a .sha256 sidecar; PGRUST_TARBALL (a local file) overrides
+export PGRUST_RELEASE="${PGRUST_RELEASE:-v0.4-preview}"
+export PGRUST_RELEASE_BASE="${PGRUST_RELEASE_BASE:-https://pgrust.com/downloads/$PGRUST_RELEASE}"   # the v0.2 entry's host (CloudFront -> S3)
+case "$(uname -m)" in x86_64) PGRUST_CPU=znver3;; aarch64) PGRUST_CPU=neoverse-v2;; *) PGRUST_CPU=generic;; esac
+export PGRUST_BIN_URL="${PGRUST_BIN_URL:-$PGRUST_RELEASE_BASE/pgrust-$PGRUST_RELEASE-$(uname -m)-$PGRUST_CPU.tar.gz}"
+export PGRUST_TARBALL="${PGRUST_TARBALL:-}"
+export PSQL="$PG18BIN/psql -X -h $PGSOCKDIR -p $PGPORT -U postgres"
diff --git a/pgrust/install b/pgrust/install
index b993d878a5..59d0c51c7a 100755
--- a/pgrust/install
+++ b/pgrust/install
@@ -1,122 +1,52 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# install: PostgreSQL 18 client tools (initdb/psql), the pgrust release, initdb, configuration, dataset.
 set -eu
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
-
 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
-sudo apt-get update -y
-sudo apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates gnupg
-
-# --- C PostgreSQL 18 client tools (PGDG apt repo) --------------------------
-# pgrust v0.2 cannot bootstrap a data directory (no initdb port yet) and
-# ships no client, so initdb and psql come from C PostgreSQL 18.
-# Source: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt
-sudo install -d /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg
-sudo curl -fsSL -o /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.asc \
-    https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc
-echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.asc] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(. /etc/os-release && echo $VERSION_CODENAME)-pgdg main" \
-    | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
-sudo apt-get update -y
-sudo apt-get install -y postgresql-18 postgresql-client-18
-
-# The Debian package auto-creates and starts a stock C PostgreSQL cluster.
-# We only need the package's initdb and psql — stop the cluster so it does
-# not sit on RAM during the benchmark.
-sudo systemctl disable --now postgresql || true
-sudo systemctl disable --now postgresql@18-main 2>/dev/null || true
-
-# --- the pgrust server binary ----------------------------------------------
-# Official published v0.2 release build (generic CPU baseline for the
-# architecture, i.e. NOT -Ctarget-cpu=native; see README.md). Verified
-# against the published sha256 before install.
-case "$(uname -m)" in
-    aarch64) PLATFORM=linux-aarch64 ;;
-    x86_64)  PLATFORM=linux-x86_64 ;;
-    *) echo "unsupported architecture: $(uname -m)" >&2; exit 1 ;;
-esac
-tmp=$(mktemp -d)
-curl -fL -o "$tmp/pgrust-$PGRUST_VERSION-$PLATFORM" \
-    "https://pgrust.com/downloads/v$PGRUST_VERSION/pgrust-$PGRUST_VERSION-$PLATFORM"
-curl -fL -o "$tmp/pgrust-$PGRUST_VERSION-$PLATFORM.sha256" \
-    "https://pgrust.com/downloads/v$PGRUST_VERSION/pgrust-$PGRUST_VERSION-$PLATFORM.sha256"
-(cd "$tmp" && sha256sum -c "pgrust-$PGRUST_VERSION-$PLATFORM.sha256")
-sudo install -m 755 "$tmp/pgrust-$PGRUST_VERSION-$PLATFORM" "$PGRUST_BIN"
-rm -rf "$tmp"
-
-# --- data directory --------------------------------------------------------
-# initdb from C PostgreSQL 18; pgrust then runs against this datadir.
-sudo rm -rf "$PGDATA_DIR"
-sudo install -d -o postgres -g postgres "$(dirname "$PGDATA_DIR")"
-sudo -u postgres "$PG18_BIN/initdb" -D "$PGDATA_DIR" \
-    --no-locale --encoding=UTF8 -U postgres -A trust >/dev/null
-
-# Pin timezones so timestamp-dependent queries cannot vary with the host.
-sudo -u postgres sed -i \
-    "s/^log_timezone = .*/log_timezone = 'GMT'/; s/^timezone = .*/timezone = 'GMT'/" \
-    "$PGDATA_DIR/postgresql.conf"
-
-# --- swap parity with the benchmark automation ------------------------------
-# ClickBench's own cloud-init provisions a 16 GB swapfile on every benchmark
-# VM (32 GB machines OOM row stores during load otherwise). When this script
-# runs under that automation the swapfile already exists and this is a no-op;
-# on a bare machine it recreates the same environment so the concurrent-QPS
-# phase (10 connections against a 32 GB box) degrades gracefully instead of
-# OOM-killing the server.
-if [ ! -f /swapfile ] && [ "$(awk '/SwapTotal/ {print $2}' /proc/meminfo)" = "0" ]; then
-    sudo fallocate -l 16G /swapfile
-    sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
-    sudo mkswap /swapfile >/dev/null
-    sudo swapon /swapfile
+sudo apt-get update -y -qq
+sudo apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends curl ca-certificates gnupg python3 wget
+if [ ! -x "$PG18BIN/initdb" ]; then
+    sudo install -d /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg
+    sudo curl -fsSL -o /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.asc https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc
+    echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.asc] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(. /etc/os-release; echo $VERSION_CODENAME)-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list >/dev/null
+    sudo apt-get update -y -qq
+    sudo apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends postgresql-client-18 postgresql-18
+    sudo systemctl disable --now postgresql >/dev/null 2>&1 || true   # only initdb/psql are used
 fi
-
-# --- configuration ---------------------------------------------------------
-# The machine-derived formula below is copied from this repo's
-# postgresql/install so this entry is configured the same way the other
-# PostgreSQL-family entries are, with TWO deviations, in the open (both
-# documented in README.md):
-#
-#   work_mem = MemTotal/32 (1 GB on a 32 GB machine) instead of the
-#   postgresql entry's fixed 64MB. pgrust's grouped-aggregation execution
-#   keeps per-query hash state in work_mem; at 64MB the large GROUP BY
-#   queries fall off the in-memory path into partitioned spills and run
-#   ~10-40x slower.
-#
-#   shared_buffers = MemTotal/8 instead of MemTotal/4. pgrust's columnar
-#   scans read through their own arenas and the OS page cache rather than
-#   the buffer pool; a 25% buffer pool is dead weight that starves the
-#   concurrent-QPS phase (10 connections x ~2 GB of transient aggregation
-#   state) into the OOM killer.
+mkdir -p "$PGRUST_HOME" "$PGSOCKDIR"
+rm -rf "$PGRUST_PREFIX"; mkdir -p "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
+if [ -n "$PGRUST_TARBALL" ]; then
+    tar -xzf "$PGRUST_TARBALL" --strip-components=1 -C "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
+else
+    curl -fsSL --retry 5 --retry-delay 5 -o "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz" "$PGRUST_BIN_URL"
+    curl -fsSL --retry 5 --retry-delay 5 -o "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz.sha256" "$PGRUST_BIN_URL.sha256"
+    (cd "$PGRUST_HOME" && echo "$(cut -c1-64 release.tar.gz.sha256)  release.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -) >/dev/null
+    tar -xzf "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz" --strip-components=1 -C "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
+fi
+"$PGRUST_PREFIX/bin/postgres" --version
+rm -rf "$PGDATA"
+"$PG18BIN/initdb" -D "$PGDATA" --no-locale --encoding=UTF8 -U postgres -A trust >/dev/null
+# Configuration (README.md)
 memory=$(awk '/MemTotal/ {print $2}' /proc/meminfo)
 threads=$(nproc)
-cpus=$(($threads / 2))
-shared_buffers=$(($memory / 8))
-effective_cache_size=$(($memory - ($memory / 4)))
-max_worker_processes=$(($threads + 15))
-work_mem=$(($memory / 32))
-
-sudo -u postgres tee -a "$PGDATA_DIR/postgresql.conf" >/dev/null <<CONF
-shared_buffers=${shared_buffers}kB
-max_worker_processes=${max_worker_processes}
-max_parallel_workers=${threads}
-max_parallel_maintenance_workers=${cpus}
-max_parallel_workers_per_gather=${cpus}
+cat >> "$PGDATA/postgresql.conf" <<CONF
+shared_buffers=$((memory / 4))kB
+effective_cache_size=$((memory - memory / 4))kB
+work_mem=$((memory / (2 * threads)))kB
 max_wal_size=32GB
-work_mem=${work_mem}kB
-effective_cache_size = ${effective_cache_size}kB
-
-# Required by pgrust (not tuning): PostgreSQL 18 defaults io_method=worker,
-# and pgrust has no async-I/O worker; it requires synchronous I/O. It also
-# requires an enlarged stack (deep recursive expression evaluation paths;
-# ./start raises the rlimit to match).
+max_worker_processes=$((threads + 15))
+max_parallel_workers=${threads}
+max_parallel_workers_per_gather=${threads}
+max_parallel_maintenance_workers=$((threads / 2))
+listen_addresses=''
+unix_socket_directories='$PGSOCKDIR'
+jit=off
 io_method=sync
 max_stack_depth=60000
-
-# Parity with ClickHouse, not a shortcut: pgrust.condition_cache is pgrust's
-# equivalent of ClickHouse's query condition cache (a per-granule cache of
-# filter-condition results, 100 MB budget on both sides). ClickHouse has
-# shipped it DEFAULT-ON since 25.4 (use_query_condition_cache = true,
-# src/Core/Settings.cpp:5925), and the ClickBench clickhouse entry installs
-# a current build, so the leaderboard ClickHouse row runs with it enabled.
-# pgrust's is off by default at v0.2; enabling it here puts both systems on
-# the same footing. Disclosed in README.md.
-pgrust.condition_cache = on
+autovacuum=off
+pgrust.gravity_grant_mb=$((memory / 4 / 1024))
 CONF
+# Dataset (untimed)
+if [ ! -s "$HITS_PARQUET" ]; then
+    wget -q --continue -O "$HITS_PARQUET" https://datasets.clickhouse.com/hits_compatible/hits.parquet
+fi
diff --git a/pgrust/load b/pgrust/load
index 50ae140769..b23f8b45ce 100755
--- a/pgrust/load
+++ b/pgrust/load
@@ -1,76 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# load: create.sql, COPY hits.parquet, ANALYZE
 set -eu
-D="$(dirname "$0")"
-. "$D/env.sh"
-
-# The server runs as `postgres` and reads hits.parquet server-side; move
-# the file somewhere world-traversable (same filesystem, so this is
-# instant) and make it readable.
-if [ -f hits.parquet ]; then
-    mv hits.parquet "$HITS_FILE"
-fi
-[ -f "$HITS_FILE" ] || { echo "pgrust/load: no hits.parquet found" >&2; exit 1; }
-chmod 644 "$HITS_FILE"
-
-# --- load-session server posture -------------------------------------------
-# The COPY below is a single statement over the single as-published file
-# (no splitting), but the server executes it with pgrust's parallel COPY
-# path, opted in via environment for the load session only:
-#
-#   PGRUST_COPY_PRESORT declares the table's clustered primary-key order —
-#   the same (CounterID, EventDate, UserID, EventTime, WatchID) key every
-#   ordered entry in this benchmark uses — and the COPY sorts the rows into
-#   that order inside the server as it ingests.  PGRUST_PARQUET_* enable the
-#   parallel parquet decoder. The rest of the variables size/enable the
-#   parallel ingest itself (worker counts, sort memory, in-server lz4 for
-#   spill runs, ANALYZE sampling parallelism).
-#
-# These affect the (measured) load phase only: the server is restarted
-# WITHOUT any pgrust-specific environment before the query sweep, so the
-# scored queries run a stock server. See README.md.
-LOAD_ENV="PGRUST_RUNTIME=1 \
-PGRUST_COPY_PRESORT=counterid,eventdate,userid,eventtime,watchid \
-PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY=1 PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_SORT=1 \
-PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_DOP=16 PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_STITCH_POOL=8 \
-PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_FILL_V2=1 PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_FILL_PREFETCH=6 \
-PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_SORT_MEM=512 \
-PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY_SORT_MEMRUNS=${PGRUST_LOAD_MEMRUNS_MB:-15360} \
-PGRUST_COPY_RUNLZ4=1 PGRUST_CBSTORE_FASTHASH=1 PGRUST_CBSTORE_DICT_FRAMES=1 \
-PGRUST_PARQUET_PARALLEL=1 PGRUST_PARQUET_BUDGET_MB=4096 \
-PGRUST_ANALYZE_SAMPLE_POOL=12"
-
-# Restart the server with the load-session environment. Both restarts are
-# inside the timed load window.
-"$D/stop"
-EXTRA_SERVER_ENV="$LOAD_ENV" "$D/start"
-for i in $(seq 1 300); do "$D/check" >/dev/null 2>&1 && break; sleep 1; done
-"$D/check" >/dev/null
-
-# Same flow as postgresql/load: fresh DB, DDL, TRUNCATE + COPY FREEZE in one
-# transaction (FREEZE requires the truncate in the same transaction), then
-# VACUUM ANALYZE.
-$PSQL -t -c "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test"
-$PSQL -t -c "CREATE DATABASE test"
-$PSQL -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 test -t < "$D/create.sql"
-# FORMAT 'parquet' and COERCE_EPOCH are pgrust COPY extensions: the server
-# decodes the parquet file directly, coercing the file's epoch-encoded
-# time columns into the standard TIMESTAMP/DATE schema (the published
-# hits.parquet carries no logical types; this is the same conversion the
-# duckdb entry does with epoch_ms()/make_date()).
-$PSQL -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 test <<SQL
-BEGIN;
-TRUNCATE TABLE hits;
-COPY hits FROM '$HITS_FILE' WITH (FREEZE, FORMAT 'parquet', COERCE_EPOCH true);
-COMMIT;
-SQL
-$PSQL -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 test -t -c 'VACUUM ANALYZE hits'
-
-# Only remove the input once the load has succeeded.
-rm -f "$HITS_FILE"
-
-# Back to a stock server for the query sweep.
-"$D/stop"
-"$D/start"
-for i in $(seq 1 300); do "$D/check" >/dev/null 2>&1 && break; sleep 1; done
-"$D/check" >/dev/null
-sync
+. "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
+$PSQL -tAc "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test" >/dev/null
+$PSQL -tAc "CREATE DATABASE test" >/dev/null
+$PSQL -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -d test -q -f "$(dirname "$0")/create.sql"
+$PSQL -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -d test -q -c "COPY hits FROM '$HITS_PARQUET' WITH (FORMAT 'parquet', COERCE_EPOCH true)"
+$PSQL -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -d test -q -c "ANALYZE hits"
+got=$($PSQL -d test -tAc 'SELECT count(*) FROM hits')
+[ "$got" = 99997497 ] || { echo "load: hits has $got rows, expected 99997497" >&2; exit 1; }
diff --git a/pgrust/query b/pgrust/query
index 8197470a38..9417d8e0d0 100755
--- a/pgrust/query
+++ b/pgrust/query
@@ -1,27 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-# Reads a SQL query from stdin, runs it via psql against the `test` DB.
-# Stdout: query result. Stderr: runtime in fractional seconds on the last
-# line. Exit non-zero on error. Same shape as postgresql/query.
+# query: one statement from stdin through psql \timing; seconds to stderr
 set -e
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
-
 query=$(cat)
-
-out=$(printf '\\timing\n%s\n' "$query" | $PSQL test -t 2>&1)
+out=$(printf '\\timing\n%s\n' "$query" | $PSQL -d test -t 2>&1)
 status=$?
-
-if printf '%s\n' "$out" | grep -q '^ERROR\|psql: error'; then
-    printf '%s\n' "$out" >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
+if printf '%s\n' "$out" | grep -q '^ERROR\|psql: error'; then printf '%s\n' "$out" >&2; exit 1; fi
 printf '%s\n' "$out" | grep -v '^Time:'
-
 time_ms=$(printf '%s\n' "$out" | grep -oP 'Time:\s+\K[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | tail -n1)
-if [ -z "$time_ms" ]; then
-    echo "no timing in psql output" >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
+[ -n "$time_ms" ] || { echo "no timing in psql output" >&2; exit 1; }
 awk -v ms="$time_ms" 'BEGIN { printf "%.3f\n", ms / 1000 }' >&2
-
 exit "$status"
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f29f2bb1e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+{
+    "system": "pgrust",
+    "version": "v0.4-preview",
+    "proprietary": "no",
+    "hardware": "cpu",
+    "tuned": "no",
+    "tags": [
+        "Rust",
+        "PostgreSQL compatible",
+        "column-oriented"
+    ],
+    "date": "2026-09-19",
+    "machine": "c6a.4xlarge",
+    "cluster_size": 1,
+    "comment": "",
+    "load_time": 282.123,
+    "data_size": 9199140796,
+    "result": [
+        [
+            0.003,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.003,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.003,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.003,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.278,
+            0.068,
+            0.07
+        ],
+        [
+            0.329,
+            0.028,
+            0.029
+        ],
+        [
+            0.003,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.034,
+            0.004,
+            0.005
+        ],
+        [
+            0.377,
+            0.105,
+            0.11
+        ],
+        [
+            0.581,
+            0.196,
+            0.203
+        ],
+        [
+            0.223,
+            0.022,
+            0.025
+        ],
+        [
+            0.251,
+            0.027,
+            0.029
+        ],
+        [
+            0.357,
+            0.044,
+            0.045
+        ],
+        [
+            0.616,
+            0.163,
+            0.167
+        ],
+        [
+            0.411,
+            0.071,
+            0.072
+        ],
+        [
+            0.258,
+            0.073,
+            0.074
+        ],
+        [
+            0.683,
+            0.187,
+            0.188
+        ],
+        [
+            0.074,
+            0.003,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            2.518,
+            0.568,
+            0.565
+        ],
+        [
+            0.106,
+            0.005,
+            0.005
+        ],
+        [
+            3.27,
+            0.023,
+            0.023
+        ],
+        [
+            4.016,
+            0.016,
+            0.017
+        ],
+        [
+            7.19,
+            0.035,
+            0.036
+        ],
+        [
+            0.727,
+            0.013,
+            0.013
+        ],
+        [
+            0.061,
+            0.012,
+            0.007
+        ],
+        [
+            0.152,
+            0.004,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            0.065,
+            0.006,
+            0.007
+        ],
+        [
+            0.8,
+            0.132,
+            0.134
+        ],
+        [
+            3.256,
+            0.506,
+            0.517
+        ],
+        [
+            0.006,
+            0.002,
+            0.002
+        ],
+        [
+            0.408,
+            0.092,
+            0.091
+        ],
+        [
+            2.819,
+            0.078,
+            0.079
+        ],
+        [
+            2.617,
+            0.218,
+            0.212
+        ],
+        [
+            3.254,
+            0.132,
+            0.132
+        ],
+        [
+            3.258,
+            0.131,
+            0.131
+        ],
+        [
+            0.201,
+            0.087,
+            0.089
+        ],
+        [
+            0.074,
+            0.007,
+            0.008
+        ],
+        [
+            0.02,
+            0.004,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            0.066,
+            0.004,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            0.118,
+            0.024,
+            0.029
+        ],
+        [
+            0.033,
+            0.003,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            0.037,
+            0.005,
+            0.006
+        ],
+        [
+            0.028,
+            0.005,
+            0.007
+        ]
+    ],
+    "concurrent_qps": 8.85,
+    "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.061
+}
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab1ec52d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+{
+    "system": "pgrust",
+    "version": "v0.4-preview",
+    "proprietary": "no",
+    "hardware": "cpu",
+    "tuned": "no",
+    "tags": [
+        "Rust",
+        "PostgreSQL compatible",
+        "column-oriented"
+    ],
+    "date": "2026-09-19",
+    "machine": "c8g.4xlarge",
+    "cluster_size": 1,
+    "comment": "",
+    "load_time": 159.197,
+    "data_size": 9199140796,
+    "result": [
+        [
+            0.002,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.002,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.002,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.002,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.145,
+            0.031,
+            0.031
+        ],
+        [
+            0.181,
+            0.011,
+            0.012
+        ],
+        [
+            0.002,
+            0.001,
+            0.001
+        ],
+        [
+            0.025,
+            0.003,
+            0.003
+        ],
+        [
+            0.205,
+            0.041,
+            0.042
+        ],
+        [
+            0.291,
+            0.062,
+            0.064
+        ],
+        [
+            0.147,
+            0.012,
+            0.012
+        ],
+        [
+            0.175,
+            0.014,
+            0.014
+        ],
+        [
+            0.219,
+            0.017,
+            0.017
+        ],
+        [
+            0.404,
+            0.05,
+            0.05
+        ],
+        [
+            0.257,
+            0.027,
+            0.027
+        ],
+        [
+            0.144,
+            0.036,
+            0.035
+        ],
+        [
+            0.398,
+            0.066,
+            0.065
+        ],
+        [
+            0.057,
+            0.002,
+            0.022
+        ],
+        [
+            2.302,
+            0.198,
+            0.196
+        ],
+        [
+            0.069,
+            0.002,
+            0.002
+        ],
+        [
+            3.105,
+            0.007,
+            0.007
+        ],
+        [
+            3.817,
+            0.009,
+            0.009
+        ],
+        [
+            7.094,
+            0.015,
+            0.015
+        ],
+        [
+            0.743,
+            0.007,
+            0.008
+        ],
+        [
+            0.052,
+            0.01,
+            0.002
+        ],
+        [
+            0.116,
+            0.004,
+            0.003
+        ],
+        [
+            0.056,
+            0.006,
+            0.005
+        ],
+        [
+            0.41,
+            0.052,
+            0.051
+        ],
+        [
+            3.214,
+            0.218,
+            0.22
+        ],
+        [
+            0.005,
+            0.002,
+            0.002
+        ],
+        [
+            0.266,
+            0.029,
+            0.028
+        ],
+        [
+            2.814,
+            0.032,
+            0.032
+        ],
+        [
+            2.609,
+            0.075,
+            0.074
+        ],
+        [
+            3.096,
+            0.044,
+            0.044
+        ],
+        [
+            3.111,
+            0.045,
+            0.044
+        ],
+        [
+            0.112,
+            0.039,
+            0.04
+        ],
+        [
+            0.053,
+            0.004,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            0.016,
+            0.003,
+            0.003
+        ],
+        [
+            0.053,
+            0.003,
+            0.003
+        ],
+        [
+            0.102,
+            0.014,
+            0.013
+        ],
+        [
+            0.026,
+            0.002,
+            0.003
+        ],
+        [
+            0.026,
+            0.003,
+            0.004
+        ],
+        [
+            0.02,
+            0.003,
+            0.003
+        ]
+    ],
+    "concurrent_qps": 30.692,
+    "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.034
+}
diff --git a/pgrust/start b/pgrust/start
index 8251ccf250..694daa3aed 100755
--- a/pgrust/start
+++ b/pgrust/start
@@ -1,24 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -eu
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
-
-sudo install -d -o postgres -g postgres "$PGSOCK_DIR"
-
-# Runs as the `postgres` system user (the server refuses to run as root,
-# and the datadir is owned by postgres). RUST_MIN_STACK and the rlimit
-# raise thread/main stacks to match max_stack_depth=60000 — pgrust
-# requires both (deep recursive expression evaluation paths).
-sudo -u postgres \
-    PGRUST_BIN="$PGRUST_BIN" PGDATA_DIR="$PGDATA_DIR" \
-    PGSOCK_DIR="$PGSOCK_DIR" SERVER_LOG="$SERVER_LOG" \
-    PGSHARE_DIR="$PGSHARE_DIR" TZDATA_DIR="$TZDATA_DIR" \
-    EXTRA_SERVER_ENV="${EXTRA_SERVER_ENV:-}" \
-    bash -c '
-        ulimit -s 65520
-        nohup env RUST_MIN_STACK=33554432 RUST_BACKTRACE=1 \
-            PGRUST_TZDIR="$TZDATA_DIR" PGRUST_PGSHAREDIR="$PGSHARE_DIR" \
-            $EXTRA_SERVER_ENV \
-            "$PGRUST_BIN" -D "$PGDATA_DIR" -k "$PGSOCK_DIR" -p 5432 \
-            -c listen_addresses="" \
-            >> "$SERVER_LOG" 2>&1 &
-    '
+$PSQL -tAc 'SELECT 1' >/dev/null 2>&1 && exit 0
+mkdir -p "$PGSOCKDIR"
+ulimit -s 65520 2>/dev/null || true        # max_stack_depth=60000 needs the stack limit raised
+nohup env RUST_MIN_STACK=67108864 \
+    PGRUST_TZDIR=/usr/share/zoneinfo PGRUST_PGSHAREDIR="$PGRUST_PREFIX/share/postgresql" \
+    PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY=1 PGRUST_PARQUET_PARALLEL=1 \
+    "$PGRUST_PREFIX/bin/postgres" -D "$PGDATA" -p "$PGPORT" >> "$PGRUST_HOME/server.log" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
+exit 0
diff --git a/pgrust/stop b/pgrust/stop
index 943bc16e5c..fadad26dda 100755
--- a/pgrust/stop
+++ b/pgrust/stop
@@ -1,23 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
-
-pid=$(sudo head -1 "$PGDATA_DIR/postmaster.pid" 2>/dev/null)
-[ -n "$pid" ] || exit 0
-
-# Fast shutdown, as the true-cold-run protocol requires.
-sudo kill -INT "$pid" 2>/dev/null || exit 0
-for i in $(seq 1 120); do
-    sudo kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null || exit 0
-    sleep 0.5
-done
-
-# Still alive after 60s: immediate shutdown. The datadir is durable and the
-# next start recovers; better than leaving a half-stopped server pinning the
-# page cache through the "cold" cycle.
-echo "pgrust/stop: fast shutdown did not finish in 60s, escalating to SIGQUIT" >&2
-sudo kill -QUIT "$pid" 2>/dev/null || exit 0
-for i in $(seq 1 60); do
-    sudo kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null || exit 0
-    sleep 0.5
-done
+PIDF="$PGDATA/postmaster.pid"
+[ -f "$PIDF" ] && kill -INT "$(head -1 "$PIDF")" 2>/dev/null
+for i in $(seq 1 120); do [ -f "$PIDF" ] && kill -0 "$(head -1 "$PIDF")" 2>/dev/null || exit 0; sleep 0.5; done
 exit 0
diff --git a/pgrust/template.json b/pgrust/template.json
index 2fdd9c9dd9..b72bbde84f 100644
--- a/pgrust/template.json
+++ b/pgrust/template.json
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 {
   "system": "pgrust",
+  "version": "v0.4-preview",
   "proprietary": "no",
   "hardware": "cpu",
   "tuned": "no",
-  "tags": [
-    "Rust",
-    "column-oriented",
-    "PostgreSQL compatible"
-  ]
+  "tags": ["Rust", "PostgreSQL compatible", "column-oriented"]
 }

From 3f3edd7001c7a710206fdb40f47d8e5f08fcb47f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: malisper <malis@pgrust.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2026 14:24:18 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] pgrust: run initdb and the server as the postgres user

ClickBench's automation runs the step scripts as root; initdb (and the
server) refuse root, so every machine in the bot's run died at
'initdb: error: cannot be run as root'. The v0.2 entry ran these under
sudo -u postgres; restore that: PGRUST_HOME defaults to /var/lib/pgrust
owned by postgres, and install/start run the server-side steps through
$AS_PG (empty when already running as that user). Verified as root on a
c6a.4xlarge: install, start, check, load (99997497 rows), query, stop.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 pgrust/env.sh  |  8 +++++++-
 pgrust/install | 20 ++++++++++----------
 pgrust/start   | 16 ++++++++++------
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pgrust/env.sh b/pgrust/env.sh
index 1b8f91436c..54b528233c 100644
--- a/pgrust/env.sh
+++ b/pgrust/env.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # shared by the step scripts
-export PGRUST_HOME="${PGRUST_HOME:-$HOME/pgrust}"       # install prefix + data + socket + logs
+# The server and initdb refuse to run as root, and ClickBench's automation runs these scripts as root
+# (HOME=/root): everything the server touches lives under a directory owned by the `postgres` system
+# user (created by the postgresql-18 package) and the server-side steps run through $AS_PG.
+export PGRUST_USER="${PGRUST_USER:-postgres}"
+export PGRUST_HOME="${PGRUST_HOME:-/var/lib/pgrust}"       # install prefix + data + socket + logs (owned by $PGRUST_USER)
+if [ "$(id -un)" = "$PGRUST_USER" ]; then AS_PG=""; else AS_PG="sudo -u $PGRUST_USER"; fi
+export AS_PG
 export PGRUST_PREFIX="$PGRUST_HOME/install"               # the release tarball, untarred (bin/postgres, share/postgresql)
 export PGDATA="$PGRUST_HOME/data"
 export PGSOCKDIR="$PGRUST_HOME/sock"
diff --git a/pgrust/install b/pgrust/install
index 59d0c51c7a..47a5eef44f 100755
--- a/pgrust/install
+++ b/pgrust/install
@@ -13,23 +13,23 @@ if [ ! -x "$PG18BIN/initdb" ]; then
     sudo apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends postgresql-client-18 postgresql-18
     sudo systemctl disable --now postgresql >/dev/null 2>&1 || true   # only initdb/psql are used
 fi
-mkdir -p "$PGRUST_HOME" "$PGSOCKDIR"
-rm -rf "$PGRUST_PREFIX"; mkdir -p "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
+sudo install -d -o "$PGRUST_USER" -g "$PGRUST_USER" "$PGRUST_HOME" "$PGSOCKDIR"
+sudo rm -rf "$PGRUST_PREFIX"; sudo install -d -o "$PGRUST_USER" -g "$PGRUST_USER" "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
 if [ -n "$PGRUST_TARBALL" ]; then
-    tar -xzf "$PGRUST_TARBALL" --strip-components=1 -C "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
+    $AS_PG tar -xzf "$PGRUST_TARBALL" --strip-components=1 -C "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
 else
-    curl -fsSL --retry 5 --retry-delay 5 -o "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz" "$PGRUST_BIN_URL"
-    curl -fsSL --retry 5 --retry-delay 5 -o "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz.sha256" "$PGRUST_BIN_URL.sha256"
+    $AS_PG curl -fsSL --retry 5 --retry-delay 5 -o "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz" "$PGRUST_BIN_URL"
+    $AS_PG curl -fsSL --retry 5 --retry-delay 5 -o "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz.sha256" "$PGRUST_BIN_URL.sha256"
     (cd "$PGRUST_HOME" && echo "$(cut -c1-64 release.tar.gz.sha256)  release.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -) >/dev/null
-    tar -xzf "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz" --strip-components=1 -C "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
+    $AS_PG tar -xzf "$PGRUST_HOME/release.tar.gz" --strip-components=1 -C "$PGRUST_PREFIX"
 fi
 "$PGRUST_PREFIX/bin/postgres" --version
-rm -rf "$PGDATA"
-"$PG18BIN/initdb" -D "$PGDATA" --no-locale --encoding=UTF8 -U postgres -A trust >/dev/null
+sudo rm -rf "$PGDATA"
+$AS_PG "$PG18BIN/initdb" -D "$PGDATA" --no-locale --encoding=UTF8 -U postgres -A trust >/dev/null
 # Configuration (README.md)
 memory=$(awk '/MemTotal/ {print $2}' /proc/meminfo)
 threads=$(nproc)
-cat >> "$PGDATA/postgresql.conf" <<CONF
+$AS_PG tee -a "$PGDATA/postgresql.conf" >/dev/null <<CONF
 shared_buffers=$((memory / 4))kB
 effective_cache_size=$((memory - memory / 4))kB
 work_mem=$((memory / (2 * threads)))kB
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ pgrust.gravity_grant_mb=$((memory / 4 / 1024))
 CONF
 # Dataset (untimed)
 if [ ! -s "$HITS_PARQUET" ]; then
-    wget -q --continue -O "$HITS_PARQUET" https://datasets.clickhouse.com/hits_compatible/hits.parquet
+    $AS_PG wget -q --continue -O "$HITS_PARQUET" https://datasets.clickhouse.com/hits_compatible/hits.parquet   # the server reads it (COPY FROM file)
 fi
diff --git a/pgrust/start b/pgrust/start
index 694daa3aed..06e236fe0b 100755
--- a/pgrust/start
+++ b/pgrust/start
@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
 set -eu
 . "$(dirname "$0")/env.sh"
 $PSQL -tAc 'SELECT 1' >/dev/null 2>&1 && exit 0
-mkdir -p "$PGSOCKDIR"
-ulimit -s 65520 2>/dev/null || true        # max_stack_depth=60000 needs the stack limit raised
-nohup env RUST_MIN_STACK=67108864 \
-    PGRUST_TZDIR=/usr/share/zoneinfo PGRUST_PGSHAREDIR="$PGRUST_PREFIX/share/postgresql" \
-    PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY=1 PGRUST_PARQUET_PARALLEL=1 \
-    "$PGRUST_PREFIX/bin/postgres" -D "$PGDATA" -p "$PGPORT" >> "$PGRUST_HOME/server.log" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
+sudo install -d -o "$PGRUST_USER" -g "$PGRUST_USER" "$PGSOCKDIR"
+# The server runs as $PGRUST_USER (it refuses root; the datadir is owned by that user). The rlimit and
+# RUST_MIN_STACK match max_stack_depth=60000.
+$AS_PG env PGRUST_PREFIX="$PGRUST_PREFIX" PGDATA="$PGDATA" PGPORT="$PGPORT" PGRUST_HOME="$PGRUST_HOME" bash -c '
+    ulimit -s 65520 2>/dev/null || true
+    nohup env RUST_MIN_STACK=67108864 \
+        PGRUST_TZDIR=/usr/share/zoneinfo PGRUST_PGSHAREDIR="$PGRUST_PREFIX/share/postgresql" \
+        PGRUST_PARALLEL_COPY=1 PGRUST_PARQUET_PARALLEL=1 \
+        "$PGRUST_PREFIX/bin/postgres" -D "$PGDATA" -p "$PGPORT" >> "$PGRUST_HOME/server.log" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
+'
 exit 0

From 89cc76e1e4e2ed4dd14f4abbde0635d1b6679e5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]"
 <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2026 22:42:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Add benchmark results for pgrust (c6a.2xlarge,
 c6a.4xlarge, c6a.metal, c7a.metal-48xl, c8g.4xlarge, c8g.metal-48xl)

---
 pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json    | 237 --------------------
 pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json    | 237 --------------------
 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.2xlarge.json    |  60 +++++
 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.4xlarge.json    |  60 +++++
 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.metal.json      |  60 +++++
 pgrust/results/20260921/c7a.metal-48xl.json |  60 +++++
 pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.4xlarge.json    |  60 +++++
 pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.metal-48xl.json |  60 +++++
 8 files changed, 360 insertions(+), 474 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json
 delete mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.2xlarge.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.4xlarge.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.metal.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c7a.metal-48xl.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.4xlarge.json
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.metal-48xl.json

diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json
deleted file mode 100644
index f29f2bb1e1..0000000000
--- a/pgrust/results/20260919/c6a.4xlarge.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "system": "pgrust",
-    "version": "v0.4-preview",
-    "proprietary": "no",
-    "hardware": "cpu",
-    "tuned": "no",
-    "tags": [
-        "Rust",
-        "PostgreSQL compatible",
-        "column-oriented"
-    ],
-    "date": "2026-09-19",
-    "machine": "c6a.4xlarge",
-    "cluster_size": 1,
-    "comment": "",
-    "load_time": 282.123,
-    "data_size": 9199140796,
-    "result": [
-        [
-            0.003,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.003,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.003,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.003,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.278,
-            0.068,
-            0.07
-        ],
-        [
-            0.329,
-            0.028,
-            0.029
-        ],
-        [
-            0.003,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.034,
-            0.004,
-            0.005
-        ],
-        [
-            0.377,
-            0.105,
-            0.11
-        ],
-        [
-            0.581,
-            0.196,
-            0.203
-        ],
-        [
-            0.223,
-            0.022,
-            0.025
-        ],
-        [
-            0.251,
-            0.027,
-            0.029
-        ],
-        [
-            0.357,
-            0.044,
-            0.045
-        ],
-        [
-            0.616,
-            0.163,
-            0.167
-        ],
-        [
-            0.411,
-            0.071,
-            0.072
-        ],
-        [
-            0.258,
-            0.073,
-            0.074
-        ],
-        [
-            0.683,
-            0.187,
-            0.188
-        ],
-        [
-            0.074,
-            0.003,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            2.518,
-            0.568,
-            0.565
-        ],
-        [
-            0.106,
-            0.005,
-            0.005
-        ],
-        [
-            3.27,
-            0.023,
-            0.023
-        ],
-        [
-            4.016,
-            0.016,
-            0.017
-        ],
-        [
-            7.19,
-            0.035,
-            0.036
-        ],
-        [
-            0.727,
-            0.013,
-            0.013
-        ],
-        [
-            0.061,
-            0.012,
-            0.007
-        ],
-        [
-            0.152,
-            0.004,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            0.065,
-            0.006,
-            0.007
-        ],
-        [
-            0.8,
-            0.132,
-            0.134
-        ],
-        [
-            3.256,
-            0.506,
-            0.517
-        ],
-        [
-            0.006,
-            0.002,
-            0.002
-        ],
-        [
-            0.408,
-            0.092,
-            0.091
-        ],
-        [
-            2.819,
-            0.078,
-            0.079
-        ],
-        [
-            2.617,
-            0.218,
-            0.212
-        ],
-        [
-            3.254,
-            0.132,
-            0.132
-        ],
-        [
-            3.258,
-            0.131,
-            0.131
-        ],
-        [
-            0.201,
-            0.087,
-            0.089
-        ],
-        [
-            0.074,
-            0.007,
-            0.008
-        ],
-        [
-            0.02,
-            0.004,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            0.066,
-            0.004,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            0.118,
-            0.024,
-            0.029
-        ],
-        [
-            0.033,
-            0.003,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            0.037,
-            0.005,
-            0.006
-        ],
-        [
-            0.028,
-            0.005,
-            0.007
-        ]
-    ],
-    "concurrent_qps": 8.85,
-    "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.061
-}
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json
deleted file mode 100644
index ab1ec52d0e..0000000000
--- a/pgrust/results/20260919/c8g.4xlarge.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "system": "pgrust",
-    "version": "v0.4-preview",
-    "proprietary": "no",
-    "hardware": "cpu",
-    "tuned": "no",
-    "tags": [
-        "Rust",
-        "PostgreSQL compatible",
-        "column-oriented"
-    ],
-    "date": "2026-09-19",
-    "machine": "c8g.4xlarge",
-    "cluster_size": 1,
-    "comment": "",
-    "load_time": 159.197,
-    "data_size": 9199140796,
-    "result": [
-        [
-            0.002,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.002,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.002,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.002,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.145,
-            0.031,
-            0.031
-        ],
-        [
-            0.181,
-            0.011,
-            0.012
-        ],
-        [
-            0.002,
-            0.001,
-            0.001
-        ],
-        [
-            0.025,
-            0.003,
-            0.003
-        ],
-        [
-            0.205,
-            0.041,
-            0.042
-        ],
-        [
-            0.291,
-            0.062,
-            0.064
-        ],
-        [
-            0.147,
-            0.012,
-            0.012
-        ],
-        [
-            0.175,
-            0.014,
-            0.014
-        ],
-        [
-            0.219,
-            0.017,
-            0.017
-        ],
-        [
-            0.404,
-            0.05,
-            0.05
-        ],
-        [
-            0.257,
-            0.027,
-            0.027
-        ],
-        [
-            0.144,
-            0.036,
-            0.035
-        ],
-        [
-            0.398,
-            0.066,
-            0.065
-        ],
-        [
-            0.057,
-            0.002,
-            0.022
-        ],
-        [
-            2.302,
-            0.198,
-            0.196
-        ],
-        [
-            0.069,
-            0.002,
-            0.002
-        ],
-        [
-            3.105,
-            0.007,
-            0.007
-        ],
-        [
-            3.817,
-            0.009,
-            0.009
-        ],
-        [
-            7.094,
-            0.015,
-            0.015
-        ],
-        [
-            0.743,
-            0.007,
-            0.008
-        ],
-        [
-            0.052,
-            0.01,
-            0.002
-        ],
-        [
-            0.116,
-            0.004,
-            0.003
-        ],
-        [
-            0.056,
-            0.006,
-            0.005
-        ],
-        [
-            0.41,
-            0.052,
-            0.051
-        ],
-        [
-            3.214,
-            0.218,
-            0.22
-        ],
-        [
-            0.005,
-            0.002,
-            0.002
-        ],
-        [
-            0.266,
-            0.029,
-            0.028
-        ],
-        [
-            2.814,
-            0.032,
-            0.032
-        ],
-        [
-            2.609,
-            0.075,
-            0.074
-        ],
-        [
-            3.096,
-            0.044,
-            0.044
-        ],
-        [
-            3.111,
-            0.045,
-            0.044
-        ],
-        [
-            0.112,
-            0.039,
-            0.04
-        ],
-        [
-            0.053,
-            0.004,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            0.016,
-            0.003,
-            0.003
-        ],
-        [
-            0.053,
-            0.003,
-            0.003
-        ],
-        [
-            0.102,
-            0.014,
-            0.013
-        ],
-        [
-            0.026,
-            0.002,
-            0.003
-        ],
-        [
-            0.026,
-            0.003,
-            0.004
-        ],
-        [
-            0.02,
-            0.003,
-            0.003
-        ]
-    ],
-    "concurrent_qps": 30.692,
-    "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.034
-}
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.2xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.2xlarge.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a1382c810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.2xlarge.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c6a.2xlarge",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 437,
+      "data_size": 9199140673,
+      "concurrent_qps": 0.635,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.504,
+      "result": [
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.392, 0.128, 0.128],
+        [0.479, 0.051, 0.05],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.052, 0.006, 0.005],
+        [0.572, 0.187, 0.184],
+        [0.845, 0.27, 0.273],
+        [0.343, 0.038, 0.038],
+        [0.408, 0.045, 0.043],
+        [0.561, 0.063, 0.062],
+        [0.898, 0.178, 0.177],
+        [0.671, 0.108, 0.107],
+        [0.396, 0.134, 0.135],
+        [1.048, 0.293, 0.292],
+        [0.062, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [2.413, 0.692, 0.697],
+        [0.15, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [3.198, 0.044, 0.044],
+        [3.93, 0.026, 0.025],
+        [7.14, 0.044, 0.044],
+        [0.915, 0.013, 0.013],
+        [0.081, 0.005, 0.003],
+        [0.227, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.089, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [1.098, 0.194, 0.193],
+        [3.276, 0.782, 0.788],
+        [0.005, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.66, 0.106, 0.103],
+        [2.817, 0.112, 0.112],
+        [2.612, 0.368, 0.364],
+        [3.25, 0.208, 0.209],
+        [3.245, 0.206, 0.207],
+        [0.322, 0.151, 0.149],
+        [0.072, 0.01, 0.01],
+        [0.022, 0.006, 0.004],
+        [0.068, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.121, 0.029, 0.024],
+        [0.045, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.05, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [0.044, 0.007, 0.007]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.4xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.4xlarge.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce8bbe1fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.4xlarge.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c6a.4xlarge",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 276,
+      "data_size": 9199140676,
+      "concurrent_qps": 9.143,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.068,
+      "result": [
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.276, 0.068, 0.069],
+        [0.331, 0.028, 0.029],
+        [0.004, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.035, 0.004, 0.005],
+        [0.379, 0.104, 0.109],
+        [0.58, 0.198, 0.203],
+        [0.221, 0.022, 0.024],
+        [0.249, 0.026, 0.028],
+        [0.339, 0.043, 0.043],
+        [0.602, 0.163, 0.165],
+        [0.408, 0.071, 0.071],
+        [0.254, 0.072, 0.073],
+        [0.677, 0.183, 0.183],
+        [0.076, 0.003, 0.004],
+        [2.52, 0.56, 0.563],
+        [0.105, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [3.277, 0.023, 0.023],
+        [4.009, 0.016, 0.017],
+        [7.197, 0.034, 0.035],
+        [0.698, 0.013, 0.013],
+        [0.052, 0.007, 0.006],
+        [0.152, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.068, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.805, 0.128, 0.13],
+        [3.266, 0.503, 0.515],
+        [0.006, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.401, 0.089, 0.088],
+        [2.819, 0.078, 0.078],
+        [2.616, 0.217, 0.214],
+        [3.28, 0.131, 0.133],
+        [3.28, 0.13, 0.131],
+        [0.199, 0.086, 0.088],
+        [0.067, 0.007, 0.009],
+        [0.021, 0.004, 0.005],
+        [0.065, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.14, 0.03, 0.028],
+        [0.033, 0.003, 0.005],
+        [0.037, 0.004, 0.006],
+        [0.033, 0.004, 0.007]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.metal.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.metal.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37a0fcae5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.metal.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c6a.metal",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 128,
+      "data_size": 9199140683,
+      "concurrent_qps": 13.527,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0,
+      "result": [
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+        [0.009, 0.001, 0.002],
+        [0.007, 0.003, 0.001],
+        [0.009, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.196, 0.039, 0.038],
+        [0.245, 0.022, 0.022],
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+        [0.035, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.037, 0.006, 0.005],
+        [0.034, 0.004, 0.004]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c7a.metal-48xl.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c7a.metal-48xl.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50ff0c2b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c7a.metal-48xl.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c7a.metal-48xl",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 59,
+      "data_size": 9199140683,
+      "concurrent_qps": 49.592,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0,
+      "result": [
+        [0.007, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.007, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.013, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.005, 0.004, 0.002],
+        [0.111, 0.016, 0.017],
+        [0.121, 0.01, 0.011],
+        [0.005, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.021, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.151, 0.022, 0.026],
+        [0.289, 0.037, 0.04],
+        [0.101, 0.008, 0.007],
+        [0.109, 0.008, 0.01],
+        [0.131, 0.012, 0.013],
+        [0.399, 0.021, 0.021],
+        [0.139, 0.015, 0.016],
+        [0.097, 0.016, 0.016],
+        [0.397, 0.033, 0.032],
+        [0.079, 0.026, 0.003],
+        [2.281, 0.074, 0.077],
+        [0.078, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [3.117, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [3.932, 0.006, 0.006],
+        [7.101, 0.008, 0.007],
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+        [0.315, 0.018, 0.019],
+        [2.827, 0.018, 0.018],
+        [2.623, 0.038, 0.038],
+        [3.116, 0.027, 0.028],
+        [3.11, 0.028, 0.027],
+        [0.07, 0.017, 0.017],
+        [0.063, 0.009, 0.009],
+        [0.019, 0.004, 0.005],
+        [0.059, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.12, 0.026, 0.027],
+        [0.027, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.025, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.023, 0.003, 0.003]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.4xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.4xlarge.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ee6f67a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.4xlarge.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c8g.4xlarge",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 145,
+      "data_size": 9199140676,
+      "concurrent_qps": 31.188,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.033,
+      "result": [
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.138, 0.031, 0.031],
+        [0.194, 0.011, 0.011],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.023, 0.002, 0.003],
+        [0.188, 0.04, 0.041],
+        [0.273, 0.063, 0.064],
+        [0.152, 0.011, 0.012],
+        [0.175, 0.013, 0.014],
+        [0.208, 0.016, 0.017],
+        [0.405, 0.049, 0.049],
+        [0.302, 0.026, 0.026],
+        [0.15, 0.035, 0.035],
+        [0.398, 0.062, 0.063],
+        [0.052, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [2.313, 0.203, 0.206],
+        [0.075, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [3.095, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [3.808, 0.008, 0.008],
+        [7.092, 0.014, 0.014],
+        [0.667, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [0.046, 0.007, 0.004],
+        [0.109, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.051, 0.002, 0.005],
+        [0.416, 0.049, 0.048],
+        [3.212, 0.219, 0.219],
+        [0.005, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.245, 0.028, 0.028],
+        [2.814, 0.03, 0.03],
+        [2.608, 0.073, 0.073],
+        [3.101, 0.043, 0.044],
+        [3.1, 0.043, 0.044],
+        [0.168, 0.04, 0.04],
+        [0.049, 0.003, 0.004],
+        [0.016, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.051, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.096, 0.013, 0.014],
+        [0.021, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.022, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.021, 0.003, 0.003]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.metal-48xl.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.metal-48xl.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e6c917843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c8g.metal-48xl.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c8g.metal-48xl",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 45,
+      "data_size": 9199140683,
+      "concurrent_qps": 78.333,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0,
+      "result": [
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.004, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.144, 0.009, 0.009],
+        [0.133, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.003, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.019, 0.003, 0.002],
+        [0.265, 0.013, 0.013],
+        [0.231, 0.028, 0.029],
+        [0.132, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.137, 0.006, 0.006],
+        [0.142, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [0.395, 0.018, 0.018],
+        [0.182, 0.011, 0.011],
+        [0.128, 0.009, 0.01],
+        [0.453, 0.021, 0.02],
+        [0.078, 0.026, 0.002],
+        [2.304, 0.07, 0.07],
+        [0.076, 0.002, 0.001],
+        [3.189, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [3.966, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [7.141, 0.006, 0.006],
+        [0.76, 0.017, 0.023],
+        [0.069, 0.011, 0.002],
+        [0.066, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.075, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.731, 0.021, 0.021],
+        [3.198, 0.073, 0.07],
+        [0.005, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.313, 0.013, 0.013],
+        [2.821, 0.012, 0.011],
+        [2.615, 0.021, 0.021],
+        [3.17, 0.014, 0.014],
+        [3.17, 0.014, 0.014],
+        [0.111, 0.012, 0.012],
+        [0.06, 0.004, 0.003],
+        [0.017, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [0.061, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.116, 0.014, 0.013],
+        [0.02, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.02, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [0.018, 0.002, 0.002]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file

From 3cc089c2874edb2b02c34cf36e1d81a4839df85e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]"
 <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:55:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Add benchmark results for pgrust (c6a.xlarge)

---
 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.xlarge.json | 60 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.xlarge.json

diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.xlarge.json b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.xlarge.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f52c6fcab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260921/c6a.xlarge.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-21",
+      "machine": "c6a.xlarge",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 4226,
+      "data_size": 9265914391,
+      "concurrent_qps": 0.345,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.662,
+      "result": [
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.703, 0.249, 0.251],
+        [0.892, 0.094, 0.093],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.089, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [1.033, 0.356, 0.356],
+        [1.522, 0.519, 0.519],
+        [0.588, 0.063, 0.063],
+        [0.754, 0.077, 0.078],
+        [1.129, 0.134, 0.136],
+        [1.712, 0.342, 0.34],
+        [1.265, 0.201, 0.203],
+        [0.706, 0.256, 0.257],
+        [1.983, 0.563, 0.566],
+        [0.09, 0.003, 0.003],
+        [9.395, 8.291, 7.604],
+        [0.352, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [4.085, 0.087, 0.087],
+        [5.143, 0.046, 0.046],
+        [19.336, 9.031, 0.075],
+        [1.297, 0.018, 0.018],
+        [0.151, 0.013, 0.003],
+        [0.371, 0.004, 0.004],
+        [0.163, 0.017, 0.003],
+        [1.597, 0.351, 0.348],
+        [4.943, 1.546, 1.479],
+        [0.005, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [1.282, 0.194, 0.191],
+        [2.955, 0.202, 0.201],
+        [4.622, 1.23, 1.226],
+        [5.249, 0.537, 0.491],
+        [5.374, 0.515, 0.484],
+        [0.599, 0.293, 0.294],
+        [0.123, 0.01, 0.01],
+        [0.04, 0.005, 0.004],
+        [0.113, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.232, 0.029, 0.029],
+        [0.046, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.038, 0.005, 0.006],
+        [0.03, 0.007, 0.008]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file

From 8f8432a63438b886f5499af4a76041a07d488292 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]"
 <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 02:30:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Add benchmark results for pgrust (c6a.large)

---
 pgrust/results/20260922/c6a.large.json | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 pgrust/results/20260922/c6a.large.json

diff --git a/pgrust/results/20260922/c6a.large.json b/pgrust/results/20260922/c6a.large.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27b637caca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgrust/results/20260922/c6a.large.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+      "system": "pgrust",
+      "date": "2026-09-22",
+      "machine": "c6a.large",
+      "cluster_size": 1,
+      "proprietary": "no",
+      "hardware": "cpu",
+      "tuned": "no",
+      "tags": ["Rust","PostgreSQL compatible","column-oriented"],
+      "load_time": 12022,
+      "data_size": 9265914389,
+      "concurrent_qps": 0.535,
+      "concurrent_error_ratio": 0.71,
+      "result": [
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [1.35, 0.482, 0.482],
+        [1.812, 0.186, 0.186],
+        [0.002, 0.001, 0.001],
+        [0.194, 0.012, 0.012],
+        [2.043, 0.709, 0.738],
+        [7.652, 6.678, 5.462],
+        [1.24, 0.124, 0.127],
+        [1.489, 0.151, 0.153],
+        [2.214, 0.266, 0.266],
+        [3.434, 0.739, 0.706],
+        [2.598, 0.398, 0.4],
+        [1.377, 0.509, 0.507],
+        [10.147, 7.168, 7.196],
+        [0.082, 0.027, 0.003],
+        [31.617, 43.121, 18.425],
+        [0.678, 0.013, 0.013],
+        [13.457, 1.714, 0.188],
+        [18.9, 6.107, 0.129],
+        [37.219, 36.557, 0.305],
+        [1.555, 0.029, 0.03],
+        [0.271, 0.008, 0.003],
+        [0.798, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.169, 0.023, 0.004],
+        [3.116, 0.699, 0.696],
+        [31.506, 108.909, 107.917],
+        [0.005, 0.002, 0.002],
+        [2.526, 0.391, 0.391],
+        [4.92, 0.44, 0.453],
+        [7.121, 3.377, 3.456],
+        [32.663, 10.794, 5.313],
+        [42.38, 11.888, 1.048],
+        [1.176, 0.581, 0.58],
+        [0.208, 0.015, 0.015],
+        [0.054, 0.005, 0.006],
+        [0.2, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.376, 0.05, 0.049],
+        [0.063, 0.005, 0.005],
+        [0.052, 0.007, 0.007],
+        [0.043, 0.011, 0.011]
+]
+  } 
+  
\ No newline at end of file