diff --git a/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnection.java b/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnection.java
index 06e9221515530..ceed84624851b 100644
--- a/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnection.java
+++ b/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnection.java
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ public class IoTDBConnection implements Connection {
   private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IoTDBConnection.class);
   private static final TSProtocolVersion protocolVersion =
       TSProtocolVersion.IOTDB_SERVICE_PROTOCOL_V3;
+  // Match Thrift's fixed protocol text independently of the SQLException message.
+  private static final String MISSING_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_DIAGNOSTIC =
+      "Required field 'client_protocol' was not present!";
   private static final String NOT_SUPPORT_PREPARE_CALL = "Does not support prepareCall";
   private static final String NOT_SUPPORT_PREPARE_STATEMENT = "Does not support prepareStatement";
   private IClientRPCService.Iface client = null;
@@ -521,18 +524,18 @@ private void openSession() throws SQLException {
 
     } catch (TException e) {
       transport.close();
-      if (e.getMessage().contains("Required field 'client_protocol' was not present!")) {
+      String message = e.getMessage();
+      if (message != null && message.contains(MISSING_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_DIAGNOSTIC)) {
         // the server is an old version (less than 0.10)
         throw new SQLException(
             String.format(
                 "Can not establish connection with %s : You may try to connect an old version IoTDB instance using a client with new version: %s. ",
-                params.getJdbcUriString(), e.getMessage()),
+                params.getJdbcUriString(), message),
             e);
       }
       throw new SQLException(
           String.format(
-              "Can not establish connection with %s : %s. ",
-              params.getJdbcUriString(), e.getMessage()),
+              "Can not establish connection with %s : %s. ", params.getJdbcUriString(), message),
           e);
     } catch (StatementExecutionException e) {
       // failed to connect, disconnect from the server
diff --git a/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnectionTest.java b/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnectionTest.java
index 2919e51d265a5..5c51d01b14238 100644
--- a/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnectionTest.java
+++ b/iotdb-client/jdbc/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/jdbc/IoTDBConnectionTest.java
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@
 import org.apache.iotdb.service.rpc.thrift.IClientRPCService;
 import org.apache.iotdb.service.rpc.thrift.ServerProperties;
 import org.apache.iotdb.service.rpc.thrift.TSGetTimeZoneResp;
+import org.apache.iotdb.service.rpc.thrift.TSOpenSessionReq;
 import org.apache.iotdb.service.rpc.thrift.TSSetTimeZoneReq;
 
 import org.apache.thrift.TException;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -34,21 +37,31 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.sql.SQLClientInfoException;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 public class IoTDBConnectionTest {
 
   @Mock private IClientRPCService.Iface client;
+  @Mock private TTransport transport;
 
+  private static final String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:iotdb://127.0.0.1:6667/";
   private IoTDBConnection connection = new IoTDBConnection();
   private TSStatus successStatus = RpcUtils.SUCCESS_STATUS;
   private long sessionId;
@@ -119,4 +132,70 @@ public void setTimeoutTest() throws SQLException {
     connection.setQueryTimeout(60);
     Assert.assertEquals(60, connection.getQueryTimeout());
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testOpenSessionRecognizesLegacyProtocolDiagnostic() throws Exception {
+    TException cause =
+        new TException(
+            "Required field 'client_protocol' was not present! Struct: TSOpenSessionReq(...)");
+
+    SQLException exception = failOpenSession(cause);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        String.format(
+            "Can not establish connection with %s : You may try to connect an old version IoTDB instance using a client with new version: %s. ",
+            JDBC_URL, cause.getMessage()),
+        exception.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testOpenSessionPreservesOtherMissingFieldDiagnostic() throws Exception {
+    TException cause =
+        new TException("Required field 'username' was not present! Struct: TSOpenSessionReq(...)");
+
+    SQLException exception = failOpenSession(cause);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        String.format("Can not establish connection with %s : %s. ", JDBC_URL, cause.getMessage()),
+        exception.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testOpenSessionPreservesMessageLessTransportException() throws Exception {
+    TException cause = new TTransportException(TTransportException.END_OF_FILE);
+
+    SQLException exception = failOpenSession(cause);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        String.format("Can not establish connection with %s : %s. ", JDBC_URL, cause.getMessage()),
+        exception.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  private SQLException failOpenSession(TException cause) throws Exception {
+    Method openSession = prepareOpenSession();
+    when(client.openSession(any(TSOpenSessionReq.class))).thenThrow(cause);
+
+    InvocationTargetException invocationException =
+        assertThrows(InvocationTargetException.class, () -> openSession.invoke(connection));
+
+    assertTrue(invocationException.getCause() instanceof SQLException);
+    SQLException exception = (SQLException) invocationException.getCause();
+    assertSame(cause, exception.getCause());
+    verify(transport).close();
+    return exception;
+  }
+
+  private Method prepareOpenSession() throws Exception {
+    IoTDBConnectionParams params = Utils.parseUrl(JDBC_URL, new Properties());
+    Field paramsField = IoTDBConnection.class.getDeclaredField("params");
+    paramsField.setAccessible(true);
+    paramsField.set(connection, params);
+    Field transportField = IoTDBConnection.class.getDeclaredField("transport");
+    transportField.setAccessible(true);
+    transportField.set(connection, transport);
+    connection.setClient(client);
+    Method openSession = IoTDBConnection.class.getDeclaredMethod("openSession");
+    openSession.setAccessible(true);
+    return openSession;
+  }
 }