From 78cdade884294cb939a464d8882b35ef47ec17e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: latent-9 <296084221+latent-9@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 20:10:55 +1200
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] fix(_compat): set relationships when model_validate
 receives a dict

sqlmodel_validate read each relationship with getattr(use_obj, key), but
use_obj is a dict when a dict is passed to model_validate (or when update
is given, which produces a merged dict). getattr never finds dict keys, so
the relationship was silently dropped, unlike the constructor and
model_validate(object) which set it. Read via dict.get for dict input,
mirroring sqlmodel_table_construct, and add a regression test.
---
 sqlmodel/_compat.py      |  8 +++++++-
 tests/test_validation.py | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/sqlmodel/_compat.py b/sqlmodel/_compat.py
index a220b193f1..e1075387e7 100644
--- a/sqlmodel/_compat.py
+++ b/sqlmodel/_compat.py
@@ -320,7 +320,13 @@ def sqlmodel_validate(
     # Get and set any relationship objects
     if is_table_model_class(cls):
         for key in new_obj.__sqlmodel_relationships__:
-            value = getattr(use_obj, key, Undefined)
+            # use_obj can be a dict (the input obj, or the merged obj when
+            # update is passed), so read relationships accordingly instead of
+            # assuming attribute access.
+            if isinstance(use_obj, dict):
+                value = use_obj.get(key, Undefined)
+            else:
+                value = getattr(use_obj, key, Undefined)
             if value is not Undefined:
                 setattr(new_obj, key, value)
     return new_obj
diff --git a/tests/test_validation.py b/tests/test_validation.py
index 47fbca87c2..d6f1eae1c3 100644
--- a/tests/test_validation.py
+++ b/tests/test_validation.py
@@ -29,3 +29,29 @@ def reject_none(cls, v):
 
     with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
         Hero.model_validate({"name": None, "age": 25})
+
+
+def test_validate_dict_sets_relationship(clear_sqlmodel):
+    """A relationship passed inside the dict given to model_validate must be
+    set, consistent with the constructor and with model_validate(object)."""
+    from typing import List, Optional
+
+    from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship
+
+    class Team(SQLModel, table=True):
+        id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+        name: str
+        heroes: List["Hero"] = Relationship(back_populates="team")
+
+    class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
+        id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+        name: str
+        team_id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")
+        team: Optional[Team] = Relationship(back_populates="heroes")
+
+    team = Team(name="Avengers")
+
+    # constructor already works; model_validate must match it
+    assert Hero(name="IronMan", team=team).team is team
+    assert Hero.model_validate({"name": "Thor", "team": team}).team is team
+    assert Hero.model_validate({"name": "Hulk"}, update={"team": team}).team is team

From d549b101551738389576ee2b8f54b6c4a4ba96ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]"
 <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 08:11:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=8E=A8=20Auto=20format?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 tests/test_validation.py | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_validation.py b/tests/test_validation.py
index d6f1eae1c3..cc8f27c74c 100644
--- a/tests/test_validation.py
+++ b/tests/test_validation.py
@@ -34,20 +34,19 @@ def reject_none(cls, v):
 def test_validate_dict_sets_relationship(clear_sqlmodel):
     """A relationship passed inside the dict given to model_validate must be
     set, consistent with the constructor and with model_validate(object)."""
-    from typing import List, Optional
 
     from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship
 
     class Team(SQLModel, table=True):
-        id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+        id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
         name: str
-        heroes: List["Hero"] = Relationship(back_populates="team")
+        heroes: list["Hero"] = Relationship(back_populates="team")
 
     class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
-        id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+        id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
         name: str
-        team_id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")
-        team: Optional[Team] = Relationship(back_populates="heroes")
+        team_id: int | None = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")
+        team: Team | None = Relationship(back_populates="heroes")
 
     team = Team(name="Avengers")