diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 6848e4c46..4af5aeefb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -114,6 +114,21 @@ jobs:
           grep -q "Ready" /tmp/mcpb-smoke.log
         working-directory: examples/pdf-server
 
+      # import.meta.filename/dirname are undefined before Node 20.11; servers
+      # must still start on the oldest Node their package.json engines allows.
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.name == 'Linux x64'
+        with:
+          node-version: "20.0.0"
+
+      - name: Smoke-test pdf-server starts on the oldest supported Node
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.name == 'Linux x64'
+        run: |
+          node --version
+          node .mcpb-smoke/dist/index.js --stdio < /dev/null 2>&1 | tee /tmp/mcpb-smoke-node20.log
+          grep -q "Ready" /tmp/mcpb-smoke-node20.log
+        working-directory: examples/pdf-server
+
   dependency-isolation:
     name: Dependency isolation
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/docs/quickstart.md b/docs/quickstart.md
index a0219122b..7235ceeda 100644
--- a/docs/quickstart.md
+++ b/docs/quickstart.md
@@ -183,9 +183,13 @@ import {
 import { McpServer } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-const DIST_DIR = path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist");
+const DIST_DIR = path.join(
+  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+  "dist",
+);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-preact/package.json b/examples/basic-server-preact/package.json
index 60aa40d31..94eae1cd4 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-preact/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic-server-preact/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/basic-server-preact"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-preact/server.ts b/examples/basic-server-preact/server.ts
index dfec94aa1..81a590173 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-preact/server.ts
+++ b/examples/basic-server-preact/server.ts
@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { registerAppTool, registerAppResource, RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-react/package.json b/examples/basic-server-react/package.json
index ea51a8a1a..6fa515856 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-react/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic-server-react/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/basic-server-react"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "types": "dist/server.d.ts",
   "bin": {
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-react/server.ts b/examples/basic-server-react/server.ts
index d77c908c4..38b4bbfb0 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-react/server.ts
+++ b/examples/basic-server-react/server.ts
@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-solid/package.json b/examples/basic-server-solid/package.json
index b3ca909bd..6e953bad4 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-solid/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic-server-solid/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/basic-server-solid"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-solid/server.ts b/examples/basic-server-solid/server.ts
index addb52260..df077f2ce 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-solid/server.ts
+++ b/examples/basic-server-solid/server.ts
@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { registerAppTool, registerAppResource, RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-svelte/package.json b/examples/basic-server-svelte/package.json
index 19fe4c9d7..a1b484539 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-svelte/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic-server-svelte/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/basic-server-svelte"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-svelte/server.ts b/examples/basic-server-svelte/server.ts
index 941428514..c432061d8 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-svelte/server.ts
+++ b/examples/basic-server-svelte/server.ts
@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { registerAppTool, registerAppResource, RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/package.json b/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/package.json
index ebfebbb70..9eaf55688 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/basic-server-vanillajs"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/server.ts b/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/server.ts
index 693d86148..451673dd9 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/server.ts
+++ b/examples/basic-server-vanillajs/server.ts
@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-vue/package.json b/examples/basic-server-vue/package.json
index 858dd8906..f317b2b29 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-vue/package.json
+++ b/examples/basic-server-vue/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/basic-server-vue"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/basic-server-vue/server.ts b/examples/basic-server-vue/server.ts
index 9adb9111e..c952db237 100644
--- a/examples/basic-server-vue/server.ts
+++ b/examples/basic-server-vue/server.ts
@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { registerAppTool, registerAppResource, RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/budget-allocator-server/package.json b/examples/budget-allocator-server/package.json
index 6e41622b3..05c5bb504 100644
--- a/examples/budget-allocator-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/budget-allocator-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/budget-allocator-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/budget-allocator-server/server.ts b/examples/budget-allocator-server/server.ts
index 01f5dbfb6..4849aa2a4 100755
--- a/examples/budget-allocator-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/budget-allocator-server/server.ts
@@ -11,16 +11,20 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
   RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE,
   registerAppResource,
   registerAppTool,
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Schemas - types are derived from these using z.infer
diff --git a/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/package.json b/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/package.json
index 7e2d2e22e..4b2b67a53 100644
--- a/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/cohort-heatmap-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/server.ts b/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/server.ts
index 129e2dc9e..fe54f5b20 100644
--- a/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/cohort-heatmap-server/server.ts
@@ -4,16 +4,20 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
   RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE,
   registerAppResource,
   registerAppTool,
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // Schemas - types are derived from these using z.infer
 const GetCohortDataInputSchema = z.object({
diff --git a/examples/customer-segmentation-server/package.json b/examples/customer-segmentation-server/package.json
index bac3b89bd..3d79ee4a5 100644
--- a/examples/customer-segmentation-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/customer-segmentation-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/customer-segmentation-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/customer-segmentation-server/server.ts b/examples/customer-segmentation-server/server.ts
index 7cc1c1fe2..83a7b4041 100644
--- a/examples/customer-segmentation-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/customer-segmentation-server/server.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
   RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE,
@@ -17,10 +18,13 @@ import {
 } from "./src/data-generator.js";
 import { SEGMENTS, type Customer, type SegmentSummary } from "./src/types.js";
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // Schemas - types are derived from these using z.infer
 const GetCustomerDataInputSchema = z.object({
diff --git a/examples/debug-server/package.json b/examples/debug-server/package.json
index e28f4d32a..7dd3242f0 100644
--- a/examples/debug-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/debug-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/debug-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "types": "dist/server.d.ts",
   "bin": {
diff --git a/examples/debug-server/server.ts b/examples/debug-server/server.ts
index 068f94da3..821e4074c 100644
--- a/examples/debug-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/debug-server/server.ts
@@ -11,12 +11,16 @@ import {
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import { appendFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // Track call counter across requests (stateful for demo purposes)
 let callCounter = 0;
diff --git a/examples/integration-server/server.ts b/examples/integration-server/server.ts
index 346f4f7a8..a41af15ba 100644
--- a/examples/integration-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/integration-server/server.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 const RESOURCE_URI = "ui://get-time/mcp-app.html";
 const SAMPLE_DOWNLOAD_URI = "resource:///sample-report.txt";
 
diff --git a/examples/lazy-auth-server/package.json b/examples/lazy-auth-server/package.json
index dbd4601e2..716d86def 100644
--- a/examples/lazy-auth-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/lazy-auth-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/lazy-auth-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/map-server/package.json b/examples/map-server/package.json
index cc4585f2f..06e043e77 100644
--- a/examples/map-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/map-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/map-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/map-server/server.ts b/examples/map-server/server.ts
index 5767d46ba..fe31e1e6f 100644
--- a/examples/map-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/map-server/server.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
   registerAppTool,
@@ -20,10 +21,13 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
 import { randomUUID } from "crypto";
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 const resourceUri = "ui://cesium-map/mcp-app.html";
 
 // Nominatim API response type
diff --git a/examples/pdf-server/package.json b/examples/pdf-server/package.json
index c8d9cf868..69deedf0a 100644
--- a/examples/pdf-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/pdf-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/pdf-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/pdf-server/server.ts b/examples/pdf-server/server.ts
index e67cd4731..629ace85f 100644
--- a/examples/pdf-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/pdf-server/server.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import { randomUUID } from "crypto";
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import {
   registerAppResource,
   registerAppTool,
@@ -145,10 +146,13 @@ export function isWritablePath(resolved: string): boolean {
   });
 }
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // =============================================================================
 // Command Queue (shared across stateless server instances)
diff --git a/examples/quickstart/server.ts b/examples/quickstart/server.ts
index 611d0f072..7f9e1201f 100644
--- a/examples/quickstart/server.ts
+++ b/examples/quickstart/server.ts
@@ -6,9 +6,13 @@ import {
 import { McpServer } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-const DIST_DIR = path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist");
+const DIST_DIR = path.join(
+  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+  "dist",
+);
 
 /**
  * Creates a new MCP server instance with tools and resources registered.
diff --git a/examples/scenario-modeler-server/package.json b/examples/scenario-modeler-server/package.json
index e6f37c010..9ba247c63 100644
--- a/examples/scenario-modeler-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/scenario-modeler-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/scenario-modeler-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/scenario-modeler-server/server.ts b/examples/scenario-modeler-server/server.ts
index c5fa05d35..864a5c47f 100644
--- a/examples/scenario-modeler-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/scenario-modeler-server/server.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Schemas - types are derived from these using z.infer
diff --git a/examples/shadertoy-server/package.json b/examples/shadertoy-server/package.json
index aec56c63c..fd2d4c2b2 100644
--- a/examples/shadertoy-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/shadertoy-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/shadertoy-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/shadertoy-server/server.ts b/examples/shadertoy-server/server.ts
index 50c27bc66..1f901b285 100644
--- a/examples/shadertoy-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/shadertoy-server/server.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 const TOOL_DESCRIPTION = `Renders a ShaderToy-compatible GLSL fragment shader in real-time using WebGL 2.0.
 
diff --git a/examples/sheet-music-server/package.json b/examples/sheet-music-server/package.json
index 85ca6bb33..15998c8d3 100644
--- a/examples/sheet-music-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/sheet-music-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/sheet-music-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/sheet-music-server/server.ts b/examples/sheet-music-server/server.ts
index be7214ae0..36e35801b 100644
--- a/examples/sheet-music-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/sheet-music-server/server.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import ABCJS from "abcjs";
 import {
@@ -12,10 +13,13 @@ import {
   registerAppResource,
   registerAppTool,
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 const DEFAULT_ABC_NOTATION_INPUT = `X:1
 T:Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
diff --git a/examples/system-monitor-server/package.json b/examples/system-monitor-server/package.json
index 2dc3ef164..b702800bc 100644
--- a/examples/system-monitor-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/system-monitor-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/system-monitor-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/system-monitor-server/server.ts b/examples/system-monitor-server/server.ts
index a17bcf6c9..fcabf9bc6 100644
--- a/examples/system-monitor-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/system-monitor-server/server.ts
@@ -11,13 +11,17 @@ import {
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import si from "systeminformation";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // =============================================================================
 // Types and schemas
diff --git a/examples/threejs-server/package.json b/examples/threejs-server/package.json
index 68864d997..5a2601fcb 100644
--- a/examples/threejs-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/threejs-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/threejs-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/threejs-server/server.ts b/examples/threejs-server/server.ts
index 0a13c19ef..81ff8ad0b 100644
--- a/examples/threejs-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/threejs-server/server.ts
@@ -14,12 +14,16 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 // Default code example for the Three.js view
 const DEFAULT_THREEJS_CODE = `const scene = new THREE.Scene();
diff --git a/examples/transcript-server/package.json b/examples/transcript-server/package.json
index 46a8f9831..d184e0151 100644
--- a/examples/transcript-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/transcript-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/transcript-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/transcript-server/server.ts b/examples/transcript-server/server.ts
index 863eb2922..183f6c0c5 100644
--- a/examples/transcript-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/transcript-server/server.ts
@@ -5,16 +5,20 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import {
   registerAppTool,
   registerAppResource,
   RESOURCE_MIME_TYPE,
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 const resourceUri = "ui://transcript/mcp-app.html";
 
 /**
diff --git a/examples/video-resource-server/package.json b/examples/video-resource-server/package.json
index 4a7a61f19..631360c20 100644
--- a/examples/video-resource-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/video-resource-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/video-resource-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/video-resource-server/server.ts b/examples/video-resource-server/server.ts
index 8ae624029..27070ca61 100644
--- a/examples/video-resource-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/video-resource-server/server.ts
@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@ import {
 } from "@modelcontextprotocol/server";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 const RESOURCE_URI = "ui://video-player/mcp-app.html";
 
 /**
diff --git a/examples/wiki-explorer-server/package.json b/examples/wiki-explorer-server/package.json
index 52304cf18..f32775028 100644
--- a/examples/wiki-explorer-server/package.json
+++ b/examples/wiki-explorer-server/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     "directory": "examples/wiki-explorer-server"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  },
   "main": "dist/server.js",
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/examples/wiki-explorer-server/server.ts b/examples/wiki-explorer-server/server.ts
index 8bc4eb7cb..20169c298 100644
--- a/examples/wiki-explorer-server/server.ts
+++ b/examples/wiki-explorer-server/server.ts
@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@ import {
 import * as cheerio from "cheerio";
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { z } from "zod";
-// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js)
-const DIST_DIR = import.meta.filename.endsWith(".ts")
-  ? path.join(import.meta.dirname, "dist")
-  : import.meta.dirname;
+// Works both from source (server.ts) and compiled (dist/server.js). Derived
+// from import.meta.url rather than import.meta.filename/dirname, which are
+// undefined on Node older than 20.11.
+const SERVER_FILE = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const DIST_DIR = SERVER_FILE.endsWith(".ts")
+  ? path.join(path.dirname(SERVER_FILE), "dist")
+  : path.dirname(SERVER_FILE);
 
 type PageInfo = { url: string; title: string };
 
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 0189ca20b..751696dab 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -143,6 +143,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/basic-server-preact/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -193,6 +196,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/basic-server-react/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -240,6 +246,9 @@
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0",
         "vite-plugin-solid": "^2.11.12"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/basic-server-solid/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -287,6 +296,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/basic-server-svelte/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -332,6 +344,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/basic-server-vanillajs/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -379,6 +394,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/basic-server-vue/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -424,6 +442,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/budget-allocator-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -473,6 +494,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/cohort-heatmap-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -518,6 +542,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/customer-segmentation-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -562,6 +589,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/debug-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -653,6 +683,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/lazy-auth-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -698,6 +731,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/map-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -745,6 +781,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/pdf-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -845,6 +884,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/scenario-modeler-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -889,6 +931,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/shadertoy-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -934,6 +979,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/sheet-music-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -980,6 +1028,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/system-monitor-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -1032,6 +1083,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/threejs-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -1077,6 +1131,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/transcript-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -1122,6 +1179,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/video-resource-server/node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -1169,6 +1229,9 @@
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
         "vite": "^6.0.0",
         "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
       }
     },
     "examples/wiki-explorer-server/node_modules/@types/node": {