diff --git a/.changeset/related-request-id-zero-debounce.md b/.changeset/related-request-id-zero-debounce.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e061430af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/related-request-id-zero-debounce.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+'@modelcontextprotocol/client': patch
+'@modelcontextprotocol/server': patch
+---
+
+Fixed a bug where a notification's `relatedRequestId: 0` was treated as absent by the debounce guard in `Protocol.notification()`, because the check used truthiness instead of testing for presence. `0` is a valid JSON-RPC request id — and the first id a `Protocol` instance issues — so a notification tied to request `0` could be silently coalesced by the debounce path even though related notifications are supposed to bypass debouncing.
diff --git a/packages/core-internal/src/shared/protocol.ts b/packages/core-internal/src/shared/protocol.ts
index 0a19770082..892e3ccd52 100644
--- a/packages/core-internal/src/shared/protocol.ts
+++ b/packages/core-internal/src/shared/protocol.ts
@@ -1611,7 +1611,9 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
         const debouncedMethods = this._options?.debouncedNotificationMethods ?? [];
         // A notification can only be debounced if it's in the list AND it's "simple"
         // (i.e., has no parameters and no related request ID that could be lost).
-        const canDebounce = debouncedMethods.includes(notification.method) && !notification.params && !options?.relatedRequestId;
+        // relatedRequestId is checked for presence, not truthiness, since 0 is a valid request id.
+        const hasRelatedRequestId = options?.relatedRequestId !== undefined;
+        const canDebounce = debouncedMethods.includes(notification.method) && !notification.params && !hasRelatedRequestId;
 
         if (canDebounce) {
             // If a notification of this type is already scheduled, do nothing.
diff --git a/packages/core-internal/test/shared/protocol.test.ts b/packages/core-internal/test/shared/protocol.test.ts
index 2ecdc40adc..dc41303531 100644
--- a/packages/core-internal/test/shared/protocol.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core-internal/test/shared/protocol.test.ts
@@ -656,6 +656,23 @@ describe('protocol tests', () => {
             expect(sendSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Object), { relatedRequestId: 'req-2' });
         });
 
+        it('should NOT debounce a notification with relatedRequestId 0', async () => {
+            // ARRANGE
+            // 0 is a valid request id and is also the first id a Protocol instance
+            // issues, so a truthiness check on relatedRequestId would wrongly treat
+            // it as absent and debounce the notification.
+            protocol = new TestProtocolImpl({ debouncedNotificationMethods: ['test/debounced_with_options'] });
+            await protocol.connect(transport);
+
+            // ACT
+            await protocol.notification({ method: 'test/debounced_with_options' }, { relatedRequestId: 0 });
+            await protocol.notification({ method: 'test/debounced_with_options' }, { relatedRequestId: 0 });
+
+            // ASSERT
+            expect(sendSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+            expect(sendSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Object), { relatedRequestId: 0 });
+        });
+
         it('should clear pending debounced notifications on connection close', async () => {
             // ARRANGE
             protocol = new TestProtocolImpl({ debouncedNotificationMethods: ['test/debounced'] });