diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index ace9542dbf..a99025fb74 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -26,6 +26,20 @@ We welcome contributions to the Model Context Protocol TypeScript SDK! This docu
 - Keep changes focused and atomic
 - Provide a clear description of changes
 
+## Strict Transport Declaration Checks
+
+Build with `npm run build`, then install the packed SDK in an isolated consumer directory. Run the generic public-export checks with the desired TypeScript CLI:
+
+```sh
+npx tsx scripts/test-transport-types.ts /path/to/consumer /path/to/typescript/bin/tsc
+```
+
+The consumer directory must contain the installed SDK and `@types/node`. The checks use `strict`, `exactOptionalPropertyTypes`, `noUncheckedIndexedAccess`, `verbatimModuleSyntax`, and `skipLibCheck: false` with ES2022 and NodeNext. They check Node-only and DOM library
+configurations, ESM and CJS public exports, callback clearing, invalid callback/header types, and declaration emission followed by a second consumer with no access to the first consumer's source.
+
+`Transport` callbacks may be omitted or explicitly cleared with `undefined`, matching the Node HTTP transport accessors. Its session ID may also be absent or `undefined`. `normalizeHeaders` uses the standard `Headers`, tuple-array, and string-record forms directly so Node
+consumers do not need the DOM-only `HeadersInit` alias.
+
 ## Running Examples
 
 - Start the server: `npm run server`
diff --git a/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/consumer.cts b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/consumer.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42fb34ac13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/consumer.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import Http = require('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/streamableHttp.js');
+import ServerModule = require('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js');
+import TransportModule = require('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js');
+import type { Transport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
+
+function createTransport(): Http.StreamableHTTPServerTransport {
+    return new Http.StreamableHTTPServerTransport({ sessionIdGenerator: () => 'strict-transport-test' });
+}
+
+async function connect(server: ServerModule.Server, transport: Http.StreamableHTTPServerTransport): Promise<void> {
+    await server.connect(transport);
+}
+
+function handle(transport: Http.StreamableHTTPServerTransport, request: IncomingMessage, response: ServerResponse): Promise<void> {
+    return transport.handleRequest(request, response);
+}
+
+function configure(transport: Transport): void {
+    transport.onclose = () => {};
+    transport.onerror = error => {
+        error.message.toUpperCase();
+    };
+    transport.onmessage = (message, extra) => {
+        message.jsonrpc.toUpperCase();
+        extra?.authInfo?.token.toUpperCase();
+    };
+    transport.onclose = undefined;
+    transport.onerror = undefined;
+    transport.onmessage = undefined;
+}
+
+function headers(input: Parameters<typeof TransportModule.normalizeHeaders>[0]): Record<string, string> {
+    return TransportModule.normalizeHeaders(input);
+}
+
+export = { createTransport, connect, handle, configure, headers };
diff --git a/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/consumer.mts b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/consumer.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea60ed655d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/consumer.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { Server } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js';
+import { StreamableHTTPServerTransport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/streamableHttp.js';
+import { normalizeHeaders } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';
+import type { Transport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';
+import type { JSONRPCMessage, MessageExtraInfo } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js';
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
+
+export function createTransport(): StreamableHTTPServerTransport {
+    return new StreamableHTTPServerTransport({ sessionIdGenerator: () => 'strict-transport-test' });
+}
+
+export async function connect(server: Server, transport: StreamableHTTPServerTransport): Promise<void> {
+    await server.connect(transport);
+}
+
+export function handle(transport: StreamableHTTPServerTransport, request: IncomingMessage, response: ServerResponse): Promise<void> {
+    return transport.handleRequest(request, response);
+}
+
+export function configure(transport: Transport): void {
+    transport.onclose = () => {};
+    transport.onerror = (error: Error) => {
+        error.message.toUpperCase();
+    };
+    transport.onmessage = <T extends JSONRPCMessage>(message: T, extra?: MessageExtraInfo) => {
+        const sameMessage: T = message;
+        sameMessage.jsonrpc.toUpperCase();
+        extra?.authInfo?.token.toUpperCase();
+    };
+    transport.onclose = undefined;
+    transport.onerror = undefined;
+    transport.onmessage = undefined;
+}
+
+export function configureNode(transport: StreamableHTTPServerTransport): void {
+    configure(transport);
+    transport.onclose = undefined;
+    transport.onerror = undefined;
+    transport.onmessage = undefined;
+    const sessionId: string | undefined = transport.sessionId;
+    sessionId?.toUpperCase();
+}
+
+export const withoutCallbacks: Transport = {
+    async start() {},
+    async send() {},
+    async close() {}
+};
+
+export const clearedCallbacks: Transport = {
+    ...withoutCallbacks,
+    onclose: undefined,
+    onerror: undefined,
+    onmessage: undefined,
+    sessionId: undefined
+};
+
+export function headers(input: Parameters<typeof normalizeHeaders>[0]): Record<string, string> {
+    normalizeHeaders(new Headers({ authorization: 'example' }));
+    normalizeHeaders([['authorization', 'example']]);
+    normalizeHeaders({ authorization: 'example' });
+    normalizeHeaders(undefined);
+    return normalizeHeaders(input);
+}
diff --git a/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/downstream.cts b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/downstream.cts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c221204f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/downstream.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import ServerModule = require('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js');
+import consumer = require('./consumer.cjs');
+import type { Transport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';
+
+async function check(): Promise<void> {
+    const transport = consumer.createTransport();
+    const contract: Transport = transport;
+    consumer.configure(contract);
+    consumer.headers({ authorization: 'example' });
+    await consumer.connect(new ServerModule.Server({ name: 'declaration-consumer', version: '0' }), transport);
+}
+
+export = check;
diff --git a/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/downstream.mts b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/downstream.mts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64086ec668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fixtures/transport-types/downstream.mts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { Server } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js';
+import type { Transport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';
+import { configure, configureNode, connect, createTransport, headers } from './consumer.mjs';
+
+const transport = createTransport();
+const contract: Transport = transport;
+configure(contract);
+configureNode(transport);
+headers({ authorization: 'example' });
+await connect(new Server({ name: 'declaration-consumer', version: '0' }), transport);
diff --git a/scripts/test-transport-types.ts b/scripts/test-transport-types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d4c966ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/test-transport-types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { copyFileSync, existsSync, mkdirSync, mkdtempSync, readFileSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { join, resolve } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+const [profileArgument, compilerArgument] = process.argv.slice(2);
+assert(profileArgument && compilerArgument, 'Usage: tsx scripts/test-transport-types.ts <installed-package-directory> <compiler-cli>');
+const profile = resolve(profileArgument);
+const compiler = resolve(compilerArgument);
+assert(existsSync(compiler), `Compiler does not exist: ${compiler}`);
+const packageDirectory = join(profile, 'node_modules', '@modelcontextprotocol', 'sdk');
+assert(existsSync(join(packageDirectory, 'dist', 'esm', 'server', 'streamableHttp.d.ts')), 'Install the SDK package in the profile first');
+const fixtures = fileURLToPath(new URL('./fixtures/transport-types/', import.meta.url));
+
+const negativeCases = [
+    { source: 'contract.onclose = 1;', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onclose = (required: string) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onerror = (error: string) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onmessage = (message: string) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onmessage = (message: JSONRPCMessage, extra: string) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onmessage = (message: JSONRPCRequest) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onclose = null;', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onerror = null;', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onmessage = null;', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'contract.onerror!();', code: 2554 },
+    { source: 'contract.onmessage!();', code: 2554 },
+    { source: 'contract.onerror!("not-an-error");', code: 2345 },
+    { source: 'contract.onmessage!({ jsonrpc: "invalid", method: "ping" });', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'transport.onerror = (error: string) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'transport.onmessage = (message: string) => {};', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'transport.onclose = null;', code: 2322 },
+    { source: 'normalizeHeaders(42);', code: 2345 },
+    { source: 'normalizeHeaders({ authorization: ["example"] });', code: 2345 },
+    { source: 'normalizeHeaders([["name"]]);', code: 2322 }
+];
+
+function compile(directory: string): { status: number | null; output: string } {
+    const result = spawnSync(process.execPath, [compiler, '--project', join(directory, 'tsconfig.json'), '--pretty', 'false'], {
+        encoding: 'utf8',
+        timeout: 120_000
+    });
+    if (result.error) throw result.error;
+    return { status: result.status, output: result.stdout + result.stderr };
+}
+
+function checkConsumers(mode: 'esm' | 'cjs', lib: string[]): void {
+    const extension = mode === 'esm' ? 'mts' : 'cts';
+    const httpImport =
+        mode === 'esm'
+            ? "import { StreamableHTTPServerTransport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/streamableHttp.js';"
+            : "import Http = require('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/streamableHttp.js'); const { StreamableHTTPServerTransport } = Http;";
+    const headersImport =
+        mode === 'esm'
+            ? "import { normalizeHeaders } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';"
+            : "import TransportModule = require('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js'); const { normalizeHeaders } = TransportModule;";
+    const directory = mkdtempSync(join(profile, 'transport-types-'));
+    try {
+        const compilerOptions = {
+            target: 'ES2022',
+            module: 'NodeNext',
+            moduleResolution: 'NodeNext',
+            lib,
+            types: ['node'],
+            strict: true,
+            noImplicitAny: true,
+            exactOptionalPropertyTypes: true,
+            noUncheckedIndexedAccess: true,
+            verbatimModuleSyntax: true,
+            skipLibCheck: false,
+            declaration: true,
+            emitDeclarationOnly: true,
+            outDir: './declarations'
+        };
+        const config = join(directory, 'tsconfig.json');
+        const files = [`consumer.${extension}`];
+        if (lib.includes('DOM')) {
+            files.push('headers-dom.mts');
+            writeFileSync(
+                join(directory, 'headers-dom.mts'),
+                [
+                    "import { normalizeHeaders } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';",
+                    'type Input = Parameters<typeof normalizeHeaders>[0];',
+                    'type Original = HeadersInit | undefined;',
+                    'type Equal<A, B> = (<T>() => T extends A ? 1 : 2) extends (<T>() => T extends B ? 1 : 2) ? true : false;',
+                    'const unchangedDomain: Equal<Input, Original> = true;',
+                    'export { unchangedDomain };'
+                ].join('\n')
+            );
+        }
+        writeFileSync(config, JSON.stringify({ compilerOptions, files }));
+        copyFileSync(join(fixtures, `consumer.${extension}`), join(directory, `consumer.${extension}`));
+        let result = compile(directory);
+        assert.equal(result.status, 0, `${lib.join(',')}: public consumer failed\n${result.output}`);
+        const declaration = join(directory, 'declarations', `consumer.d.${extension}`);
+        assert(existsSync(declaration), 'Consumer declaration was not emitted');
+        assert(readFileSync(declaration, 'utf8').includes('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/streamableHttp.js'));
+
+        rmSync(join(directory, `consumer.${extension}`));
+        const downstream = join(directory, 'downstream');
+        mkdirSync(downstream);
+        copyFileSync(declaration, join(downstream, `consumer.d.${extension}`));
+        copyFileSync(join(fixtures, `downstream.${extension}`), join(downstream, `downstream.${extension}`));
+        writeFileSync(
+            config,
+            JSON.stringify({ compilerOptions: { ...compilerOptions, noEmit: true }, files: [`downstream/downstream.${extension}`] })
+        );
+        result = compile(directory);
+        assert.equal(result.status, 0, `${lib.join(',')}: declaration-only downstream failed\n${result.output}`);
+        assert(!existsSync(join(directory, `consumer.${extension}`)), 'First consumer source must not be available');
+
+        const negativeFiles = negativeCases.map((_, index) => `negative-${index}.${extension}`);
+        writeFileSync(config, JSON.stringify({ compilerOptions: { ...compilerOptions, noEmit: true }, files: negativeFiles }));
+        for (const [index, { source }] of negativeCases.entries()) {
+            writeFileSync(
+                join(directory, `negative-${index}.${extension}`),
+                [
+                    httpImport,
+                    headersImport,
+                    "import type { Transport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/shared/transport.js';",
+                    "import type { JSONRPCMessage, JSONRPCRequest } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js';",
+                    'const transport = new StreamableHTTPServerTransport();',
+                    'const contract: Transport = transport;',
+                    source
+                ].join('\n')
+            );
+        }
+        result = compile(directory);
+        assert.notEqual(result.status, 0, 'Invalid callback/header types were accepted');
+        assert.equal([...result.output.matchAll(/error TS\d+:/g)].length, negativeCases.length, result.output);
+        for (const [index, { source, code }] of negativeCases.entries()) {
+            assert.match(
+                result.output,
+                new RegExp(`negative-${index}\\.${extension}\\(7,\\d+\\): error TS${code}:`),
+                `Expected diagnostic at the invalid expression: ${source}\n${result.output}`
+            );
+        }
+        console.log(
+            `${process.version}: ${mode}: ${lib.join(',')}: public consumer, declaration roundtrip, ${negativeCases.length} negative cases passed`
+        );
+    } finally {
+        rmSync(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+}
+
+for (const mode of ['esm', 'cjs'] as const) {
+    for (const lib of [['ES2022'], ['ES2022', 'DOM', 'DOM.Iterable']]) {
+        checkConsumers(mode, lib);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/transport.ts b/src/shared/transport.ts
index f9b21bed32..2d757a455c 100644
--- a/src/shared/transport.ts
+++ b/src/shared/transport.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export type FetchLike = (url: string | URL, init?: RequestInit) => Promise<Respo
  * Normalizes HeadersInit to a plain Record<string, string> for manipulation.
  * Handles Headers objects, arrays of tuples, and plain objects.
  */
-export function normalizeHeaders(headers: HeadersInit | undefined): Record<string, string> {
+export function normalizeHeaders(headers: Headers | [string, string][] | Record<string, string> | undefined): Record<string, string> {
     if (!headers) return {};
 
     if (headers instanceof Headers) {
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ export interface Transport {
      *
      * This should be invoked when close() is called as well.
      */
-    onclose?: () => void;
+    onclose?: (() => void) | undefined;
 
     /**
      * Callback for when an error occurs.
      *
      * Note that errors are not necessarily fatal; they are used for reporting any kind of exceptional condition out of band.
      */
-    onerror?: (error: Error) => void;
+    onerror?: ((error: Error) => void) | undefined;
 
     /**
      * Callback for when a message (request or response) is received over the connection.
@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@ export interface Transport {
      *
      * The requestInfo can be used to get the original request information (headers, etc.)
      */
-    onmessage?: <T extends JSONRPCMessage>(message: T, extra?: MessageExtraInfo) => void;
+    onmessage?: (<T extends JSONRPCMessage>(message: T, extra?: MessageExtraInfo) => void) | undefined;
 
     /**
      * The session ID generated for this connection.
      */
-    sessionId?: string;
+    sessionId?: string | undefined;
 
     /**
      * Sets the protocol version used for the connection (called when the initialize response is received).
diff --git a/test/server/streamableHttpCallbacks.test.ts b/test/server/streamableHttpCallbacks.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ebd1dd703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/server/streamableHttpCallbacks.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { StreamableHTTPServerTransport } from '../../src/server/streamableHttp.js';
+import type { Transport } from '../../src/shared/transport.js';
+
+describe('StreamableHTTPServerTransport callbacks', () => {
+    it('allows callbacks to be installed and cleared through the transport interface', async () => {
+        const nodeTransport = new StreamableHTTPServerTransport({ sessionIdGenerator: undefined });
+        const transport: Transport = nodeTransport;
+        const onclose = vi.fn();
+        const onerror = vi.fn();
+        const onmessage = vi.fn();
+
+        try {
+            expect(transport.sessionId).toBeUndefined();
+            expect(transport.onclose).toBeUndefined();
+            expect(transport.onerror).toBeUndefined();
+            expect(transport.onmessage).toBeUndefined();
+
+            transport.onclose = onclose;
+            transport.onerror = onerror;
+            transport.onmessage = onmessage;
+            expect(nodeTransport.onclose).toBe(onclose);
+            expect(nodeTransport.onerror).toBe(onerror);
+            expect(nodeTransport.onmessage).toBe(onmessage);
+
+            transport.onclose = undefined;
+            transport.onerror = undefined;
+            transport.onmessage = undefined;
+            expect(nodeTransport.onclose).toBeUndefined();
+            expect(nodeTransport.onerror).toBeUndefined();
+            expect(nodeTransport.onmessage).toBeUndefined();
+        } finally {
+            await transport.close();
+        }
+        expect(onclose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(onerror).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(onmessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+});
diff --git a/test/shared/transport.test.ts b/test/shared/transport.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcd9abc645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/shared/transport.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { normalizeHeaders } from '../../src/shared/transport.js';
+
+describe('normalizeHeaders', () => {
+    it('accepts undefined', () => {
+        expect(normalizeHeaders(undefined)).toEqual({});
+    });
+
+    it('accepts standard Headers', () => {
+        expect(normalizeHeaders(new Headers({ authorization: 'example' }))).toEqual({ authorization: 'example' });
+    });
+
+    it('accepts tuples', () => {
+        expect(normalizeHeaders([['authorization', 'example']])).toEqual({ authorization: 'example' });
+    });
+
+    it('copies string-valued records', () => {
+        const headers = { authorization: 'example' };
+        expect(normalizeHeaders(headers)).toEqual(headers);
+        expect(normalizeHeaders(headers)).not.toBe(headers);
+    });
+});