diff --git a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php
index 4467e4e6179c2..b95d8ba26fe4b 100644
--- a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php
+++ b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@
     'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\ALoginSetupController' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ALoginSetupController.php',
     'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IActivatableAtLogin' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IActivatableAtLogin.php',
     'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IActivatableByAdmin' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IActivatableByAdmin.php',
+    'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IChallengeRequester' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IChallengeRequester.php',
     'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IDeactivatableByAdmin' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IDeactivatableByAdmin.php',
     'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\ILoginSetupProvider' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ILoginSetupProvider.php',
     'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IPersonalProviderSettings' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IPersonalProviderSettings.php',
@@ -1355,6 +1356,7 @@
     'OC\\Authentication\\Token\\RemoteWipe' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/Token/RemoteWipe.php',
     'OC\\Authentication\\Token\\TokenCleanupJob' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/Token/TokenCleanupJob.php',
     'OC\\Authentication\\Token\\TokenScopes' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/Token/TokenScopes.php',
+    'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\ChallengeRequester' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequester.php',
     'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\Db\\ProviderUserAssignmentDao' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/Db/ProviderUserAssignmentDao.php',
     'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\EnforcementState' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/EnforcementState.php',
     'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\Manager' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/Manager.php',
diff --git a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php
index dac59af04087a..6f728d6d6825d 100644
--- a/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php
+++ b/lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\ALoginSetupController' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ALoginSetupController.php',
         'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IActivatableAtLogin' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IActivatableAtLogin.php',
         'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IActivatableByAdmin' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IActivatableByAdmin.php',
+        'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IChallengeRequester' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IChallengeRequester.php',
         'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IDeactivatableByAdmin' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IDeactivatableByAdmin.php',
         'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\ILoginSetupProvider' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ILoginSetupProvider.php',
         'OCP\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\IPersonalProviderSettings' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IPersonalProviderSettings.php',
@@ -1396,6 +1397,7 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OC\\Authentication\\Token\\RemoteWipe' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/Token/RemoteWipe.php',
         'OC\\Authentication\\Token\\TokenCleanupJob' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/Token/TokenCleanupJob.php',
         'OC\\Authentication\\Token\\TokenScopes' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/Token/TokenScopes.php',
+        'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\ChallengeRequester' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequester.php',
         'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\Db\\ProviderUserAssignmentDao' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/Db/ProviderUserAssignmentDao.php',
         'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\EnforcementState' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/EnforcementState.php',
         'OC\\Authentication\\TwoFactorAuth\\Manager' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/Manager.php',
diff --git a/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequester.php b/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequester.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8781a90c00fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/private/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequester.php
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth;
+
+use OCP\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\IChallengeRequester;
+use OCP\ISession;
+use OCP\IURLGenerator;
+use OCP\IUser;
+
+final readonly class ChallengeRequester implements IChallengeRequester {
+	public function __construct(
+		private Manager $manager,
+		private ISession $session,
+		private IURLGenerator $urlGenerator,
+	) {
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function isAvailable(IUser $user): bool {
+		return !$this->session->exists('app_password')
+			&& $this->session->get('app_api') !== true
+			&& $this->manager->isTwoFactorAuthenticated($user);
+	}
+
+	#[\Override]
+	public function requestChallenge(IUser $user, string $redirectUrl): string {
+		if (!$this->isAvailable($user)) {
+			throw new \LogicException('The second factor cannot be requested for this session');
+		}
+
+		$this->session->remove(Manager::SESSION_UID_DONE);
+		$this->manager->prepareTwoFactorLogin($user, false);
+
+		return $this->urlGenerator->linkToRoute('core.TwoFactorChallenge.selectChallenge', [
+			'redirect_url' => $redirectUrl,
+		]);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lib/private/Server.php b/lib/private/Server.php
index f1dff3b0693df..b21f62a46e9fa 100644
--- a/lib/private/Server.php
+++ b/lib/private/Server.php
@@ -469,6 +469,7 @@ public function __construct(
 		$this->registerAlias(IUserSession::class, Session::class);
 
 		$this->registerAlias(IRegistry::class, Registry::class);
+		$this->registerAlias(\OCP\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\IChallengeRequester::class, \OC\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\ChallengeRequester::class);
 
 		$this->registerAlias(INavigationManager::class, NavigationManager::class);
 
diff --git a/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IChallengeRequester.php b/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IChallengeRequester.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7daa8ac6b1556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/public/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/IChallengeRequester.php
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OCP\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth;
+
+use OCP\IUser;
+
+/**
+ * Asks the user of the current session for their second factor again, e.g.
+ * before a sensitive action in a session that looks suspicious.
+ *
+ * @since 36.0.0
+ */
+interface IChallengeRequester {
+	/**
+	 * Whether the current session can be challenged: the user has a second
+	 * factor and the session was not created with an app password.
+	 *
+	 * @param IUser $user the user of the current session
+	 * @since 36.0.0
+	 */
+	public function isAvailable(IUser $user): bool;
+
+	/**
+	 * Marks the current session as needing the second factor again. Until it is
+	 * solved, every request of the session is redirected to the challenge.
+	 *
+	 * @param IUser $user the user of the current session
+	 * @param string $redirectUrl where to go after the challenge was solved
+	 * @return string the URL of the challenge
+	 * @throws \LogicException if the session cannot be challenged, see isAvailable()
+	 * @since 36.0.0
+	 */
+	public function requestChallenge(IUser $user, string $redirectUrl): string;
+}
diff --git a/tests/lib/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequesterTest.php b/tests/lib/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequesterTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9c6737d1bcc45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/Authentication/TwoFactorAuth/ChallengeRequesterTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace Test\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth;
+
+use OC\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\ChallengeRequester;
+use OC\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\Manager;
+use OCP\ISession;
+use OCP\IURLGenerator;
+use OCP\IUser;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
+use Test\TestCase;
+
+final class ChallengeRequesterTest extends TestCase {
+	private Manager&MockObject $manager;
+	private ISession&MockObject $session;
+	private IURLGenerator&MockObject $urlGenerator;
+	private IUser&MockObject $user;
+	private ChallengeRequester $requester;
+
+	#[\Override]
+	protected function setUp(): void {
+		parent::setUp();
+
+		$this->manager = $this->createMock(Manager::class);
+		$this->session = $this->createMock(ISession::class);
+		$this->urlGenerator = $this->createMock(IURLGenerator::class);
+		$this->user = $this->createMock(IUser::class);
+		$this->requester = new ChallengeRequester($this->manager, $this->session, $this->urlGenerator);
+	}
+
+	private function withSession(bool $appPassword, bool $appApi, bool $hasSecondFactor): void {
+		$this->session->method('exists')
+			->willReturnCallback(static fn (string $key): bool => $key === 'app_password' && $appPassword);
+		$this->session->method('get')
+			->willReturnCallback(static fn (string $key): mixed => $key === 'app_api' ? $appApi : null);
+		$this->manager->method('isTwoFactorAuthenticated')
+			->with($this->user)
+			->willReturn($hasSecondFactor);
+	}
+
+	public static function dataIsAvailable(): array {
+		return [
+			'second factor' => [false, false, true, true],
+			'no second factor' => [false, false, false, false],
+			'app password session' => [true, false, true, false],
+			'AppAPI session' => [false, true, true, false],
+		];
+	}
+
+	#[\PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider(methodName: 'dataIsAvailable')]
+	public function testIsAvailable(bool $appPassword, bool $appApi, bool $hasSecondFactor, bool $expected): void {
+		$this->withSession($appPassword, $appApi, $hasSecondFactor);
+
+		$this->assertSame($expected, $this->requester->isAvailable($this->user));
+	}
+
+	public function testRequestChallengeMarksTheSessionAndReturnsTheChallengeUrl(): void {
+		$this->withSession(false, false, true);
+		$this->session->expects($this->once())
+			->method('remove')
+			->with(Manager::SESSION_UID_DONE);
+		$this->manager->expects($this->once())
+			->method('prepareTwoFactorLogin')
+			->with($this->user, false);
+		$this->urlGenerator->expects($this->once())
+			->method('linkToRoute')
+			->with('core.TwoFactorChallenge.selectChallenge', ['redirect_url' => '/apps/settings/user/security'])
+			->willReturn('/index.php/login/selectchallenge?redirect_url=%2Fapps%2Fsettings%2Fuser%2Fsecurity');
+
+		$this->assertSame(
+			'/index.php/login/selectchallenge?redirect_url=%2Fapps%2Fsettings%2Fuser%2Fsecurity',
+			$this->requester->requestChallenge($this->user, '/apps/settings/user/security'),
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function testRequestChallengeRefusesSessionsThatCannotBeChallenged(): void {
+		$this->withSession(true, false, true);
+		$this->manager->expects($this->never())
+			->method('prepareTwoFactorLogin');
+
+		$this->expectException(\LogicException::class);
+		$this->requester->requestChallenge($this->user, '/');
+	}
+}