diff --git a/extension.neon b/extension.neon
index ac7f226..3b1df66 100644
--- a/extension.neon
+++ b/extension.neon
@@ -123,6 +123,11 @@ services:
         tags:
             - phpstan.rules.rule
 
+    -
+        class: Pest\PHPStan\Rules\BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule
+        tags:
+            - phpstan.rules.rule
+
 rules:
     - Pest\PHPStan\Rules\DisallowedCallInDescribeRule
     - Pest\PHPStan\Rules\StaticTestClosureRule
@@ -136,3 +141,4 @@ rules:
     - Pest\PHPStan\Rules\DescribeWithoutTestsRule
     - Pest\PHPStan\Rules\InvalidGroupNameRule
     - Pest\PHPStan\Rules\RedundantLocalUseRule
+    - Pest\PHPStan\Rules\BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule
diff --git a/rector.php b/rector.php
index a6487ba..b455f74 100644
--- a/rector.php
+++ b/rector.php
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
         ReadOnlyClassRector::class,
         __DIR__.'/tests/Type/data',
         __DIR__.'/tests/Rules/data',
+        __DIR__.'/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers',
         __DIR__.'/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference',
         __DIR__.'/tests/Fixtures/UsesHookClosureThis',
         UsesToExtendRector::class => [
diff --git a/src/Rules/BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule.php b/src/Rules/BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd3e9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Rules/BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\PHPStan\Rules;
+
+use Override;
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\ClassConstFetch;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\MethodCall;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\StaticCall;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Variable;
+use PhpParser\Node\Identifier;
+use PHPStan\Analyser\Scope;
+use PHPStan\Reflection\ClassConstantReflection;
+use PHPStan\Reflection\ExtendedMethodReflection;
+use PHPStan\Rules\IdentifierRuleError;
+use PHPStan\Rules\Rule;
+use PHPStan\Rules\RuleErrorBuilder;
+use PHPStan\Type\ObjectType;
+use PHPStan\Type\Type;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * @implements Rule<Expr>
+ */
+final class BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule implements Rule
+{
+    #[Override]
+    public function getNodeType(): string
+    {
+        return Expr::class;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return list<IdentifierRuleError>
+     */
+    #[Override]
+    public function processNode(Node $node, Scope $scope): array
+    {
+        if (! $node instanceof MethodCall && ! $node instanceof StaticCall && ! $node instanceof ClassConstFetch) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        // @note: a closure declared inside a class keeps that class as its scope, so private members stay reachable.
+        if (! $scope->isInAnonymousFunction() || $scope->isInClass()) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (! $node->name instanceof Identifier) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $receiver = $node instanceof MethodCall ? $node->var : $node->class;
+
+        if (! $receiver instanceof Variable || $receiver->name !== 'this') {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (! $scope->hasVariableType('this')->yes()) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $thisType = $scope->getVariableType('this');
+
+        if (! new ObjectType(TestCase::class)->isSuperTypeOf($thisType)->yes()) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $reflection = $this->memberReflection($node, $node->name->toString(), $thisType, $scope);
+
+        if (! $reflection instanceof ExtendedMethodReflection && ! $reflection instanceof ClassConstantReflection) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (! $reflection->isPrivate()) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $declaringClass = $reflection->getDeclaringClass();
+
+        // @note: PHPStan lets the member through only when its declaring class is a bind scope class, so anything outside that set is reported by PHPStan already.
+        if (! in_array($declaringClass->getName(), $thisType->getObjectClassNames(), true)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $builder = match (true) {
+            $node instanceof ClassConstFetch => RuleErrorBuilder::message(sprintf(
+                'Access to private constant %s of class %s.',
+                $reflection->getName(),
+                $declaringClass->getDisplayName(),
+            ))->identifier('classConstant.private'),
+            $node instanceof StaticCall => RuleErrorBuilder::message(sprintf(
+                'Call to private static method %s() of class %s.',
+                $reflection->getName(),
+                $declaringClass->getDisplayName(),
+            ))->identifier('staticMethod.private'),
+            default => RuleErrorBuilder::message(sprintf(
+                'Call to private method %s() of class %s.',
+                $reflection->getName(),
+                $declaringClass->getDisplayName(),
+            ))->identifier('method.private'),
+        };
+
+        return [$builder->line($node->getStartLine())->build()];
+    }
+
+    private function memberReflection(
+        MethodCall|StaticCall|ClassConstFetch $node,
+        string $member,
+        Type $thisType,
+        Scope $scope,
+    ): ExtendedMethodReflection|ClassConstantReflection|null {
+        if ($node instanceof ClassConstFetch) {
+            return $thisType->hasConstant($member)->yes()
+                ? $thisType->getConstant($member)
+                : null;
+        }
+
+        return $thisType->hasMethod($member)->yes()
+            ? $thisType->getMethod($member, $scope)
+            : null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/closure-inside-class.php b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/closure-inside-class.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e2e4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/closure-inside-class.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Fixtures\CustomTestCaseInference\PrivateMembers;
+
+use Closure;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class ClosureInsideTestCaseClass extends TestCase
+{
+    private const string OWN_PRIVATE_CONSTANT = 'own private';
+
+    /**
+     * @return Closure(): string
+     */
+    public function makeClosure(): Closure
+    {
+        return function (): string {
+            return $this->ownPrivate().$this::OWN_PRIVATE_CONSTANT;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private function ownPrivate(): string
+    {
+        return 'own private';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-bound-trait.php b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-bound-trait.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b78e017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-bound-trait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTestCase;
+use Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTrait;
+
+uses(BoundTestCase::class, BoundTrait::class);
+
+it('leaves private members of a bound trait to the visibility extension', function (): void {
+    $this->privateTraitHelper();
+});
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-default-testcase.php b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-default-testcase.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38d46da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-default-testcase.php
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+it('reports private members of the default test case', function (): void {
+    $this->runTest();
+});
+
+it('leaves protected and public members of the default test case alone', function (): void {
+    $this->getActualOutputForAssertion();
+    $this->getStatus();
+});
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-errors.php b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-errors.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39dba56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-errors.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTestCase;
+
+uses(BoundTestCase::class);
+
+it('reports private members declared by the bound test case', function (): void {
+    $this->privateHelper();
+    $this::privateStaticHelper();
+    $x = $this::PRIVATE_CONSTANT;
+});
+
+it('reports private members reached through an arrow function', fn (): string => $this->privateHelper());
+
+it('leaves private members of another object to phpstan', function (): void {
+    $other = new BoundTestCase;
+
+    $other->privateHelper();
+    $other::privateStaticHelper();
+});
+
+it('leaves reachable members of the bound test case alone', function (): void {
+    $this->protectedHelper();
+    $this->publicHelper();
+});
+
+it('leaves private members inherited from a parent class to phpstan', function (): void {
+    $this->runTest();
+});
+
+it('survives a dynamic member name on this', function (): void {
+    $method = 'privateHelper';
+    $constant = 'PRIVATE_CONSTANT';
+
+    $this->$method();
+    $x = $this::${$constant};
+});
diff --git a/tests/Rules/BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRuleTest.php b/tests/Rules/BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRuleTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f1c360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Rules/BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRuleTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Rules;
+
+use Pest\PHPStan\Rules\BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule;
+use Tests\RuleTestCase;
+
+beforeAll(function (): void {
+    RuleTestCase::$additionalConfigFiles = [
+        __DIR__.'/../extension.neon',
+    ];
+    RuleTestCase::$rule = RuleTestCase::resolveRule(BoundTestCasePrivateMemberRule::class);
+});
+
+test('private members of the bound test case are reported', function (): void {
+    $this->analyse([
+        __DIR__.'/../Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-errors.php',
+    ], [
+        ['Call to private method privateHelper() of class Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTestCase.', 10],
+        ['Call to private static method privateStaticHelper() of class Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTestCase.', 11],
+        ['Access to private constant PRIVATE_CONSTANT of class Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTestCase.', 12],
+        ['Call to private method privateHelper() of class Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers\BoundTestCase.', 15],
+    ]);
+});
+
+test('private members of a trait bound through uses() are left alone', function (): void {
+    $this->analyse([
+        __DIR__.'/../Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-bound-trait.php',
+    ], []);
+});
+
+test('private members of the default test case are reported', function (): void {
+    $this->analyse([
+        __DIR__.'/../Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/private-members-default-testcase.php',
+    ], [
+        ['Call to private method runTest() of class PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase.', 6],
+    ]);
+});
+
+test('a closure declared inside a class keeps its own scope', function (): void {
+    $this->analyse([
+        __DIR__.'/../Fixtures/CustomTestCaseInference/PrivateMembers/closure-inside-class.php',
+    ], []);
+});
diff --git a/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers/BoundTestCase.php b/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers/BoundTestCase.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f5d0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers/BoundTestCase.php
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+// @note: rector skips this directory, the private members are called from analysed fixtures and dead code
+final class BoundTestCase extends TestCase
+{
+    private const string PRIVATE_CONSTANT = 'private';
+
+    public function publicHelper(): string
+    {
+        return 'public';
+    }
+
+    protected function protectedHelper(): string
+    {
+        return 'protected';
+    }
+
+    private static function privateStaticHelper(): string
+    {
+        return 'private static';
+    }
+
+    private function privateHelper(): string
+    {
+        return 'private';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers/BoundTrait.php b/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers/BoundTrait.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b7505b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Type/Fixtures/PrivateMembers/BoundTrait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Type\Fixtures\PrivateMembers;
+
+trait BoundTrait
+{
+    private function privateTraitHelper(): string
+    {
+        return 'private trait';
+    }
+}