[3.15] gh-159739: Protect list storage while reporting its size (GH-160196) (#160363)

On free-threaded builds, list.__sizeof__() reads an allocation header through an atomically loaded storage pointer. The list's owner can resize and free that storage between the load and the header read, producing invalid size data or an invalid memory read. Hold the list lock while inspecting the allocation. Backport to 3.15 and 3.14.
(cherry picked from commit d98f2cb)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle@openai.com>

Author: miss-islington

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-21-21-26-10.gh-issue-159739.Aw61LR.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix a race in ``list.__sizeof__()`` when a list is concurrently resized on a free-threaded build.

Objects/listobject.c

@@ -3602,10 +3602,12 @@ list___sizeof___impl(PyListObject *self)
 {
     size_t res = _PyObject_SIZE(Py_TYPE(self));
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-    PyObject **ob_item = _Py_atomic_load_ptr(&self->ob_item);
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    PyObject **ob_item = self->ob_item;
     if (ob_item != NULL) {
         res += list_capacity(ob_item) * sizeof(PyObject *);
     }
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 #else
     res += (size_t)self->allocated * sizeof(PyObject *);
 #endif