gh-75382: Fail configure early if a sanitizer cannot be linked (#159496)

Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <stan@python.org>

Author: vasiliyk

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-10-15-19-09-31.gh-issue-75382.DSrcra.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Make :program:`configure` fail early with a clear error when a
+``--with-*-sanitizer`` option is used but a program cannot be linked with
+the corresponding ``-fsanitize`` flag, for example because the sanitizer
+runtime library is not installed.

configure

@@ -3527,6 +3527,11 @@ AC_ARG_WITH([address_sanitizer],
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=address $LDFLAGS"
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with -fsanitize=address])
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+   AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=address: the compiler does not support AddressSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
 ],
 [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
 
@@ -3546,10 +3551,13 @@ hwasan_flags="-fsanitize=hwaddress"
 AS_CASE([$host_cpu],
   [x86_64|amd64], [hwasan_flags="$hwasan_flags -fsanitize-hwaddress-experimental-aliasing"]
 )
-AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([$hwasan_flags],[
 BASECFLAGS="$hwasan_flags -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="$hwasan_flags $LDFLAGS"
-],[AC_MSG_ERROR([The selected compiler doesn't support hardware address sanitizer])])
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with $hwasan_flags])
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+   AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with $hwasan_flags: the compiler does not support HWAddressSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
 ],
 [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
 
@@ -3562,10 +3570,13 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(
   )],
 [
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
-AX_CHECK_COMPILE_FLAG([-fsanitize=memory],[
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins=2 $LDFLAGS"
-],[AC_MSG_ERROR([The selected compiler doesn't support memory sanitizer])])
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with -fsanitize=memory])
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+   AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=memory: the compiler does not support MemorySanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
 ],
 [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
 
@@ -3581,6 +3592,11 @@ AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined $LDFLAGS"
 with_ubsan="yes"
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with -fsanitize=undefined])
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+   AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=undefined: the compiler does not support UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
 ],
 [
 AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
@@ -3599,6 +3615,11 @@ AC_MSG_RESULT([$withval])
 BASECFLAGS="-fsanitize=thread $BASECFLAGS"
 LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=thread $LDFLAGS"
 with_tsan="yes"
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether a program links with -fsanitize=thread])
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])],
+  [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+   AC_MSG_ERROR([cannot link with -fsanitize=thread: the compiler does not support ThreadSanitizer or its runtime library is not installed; see config.log])])
 ],
 [
 AC_MSG_RESULT([no])