diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index 60886b1a55c16f4..215230be7794e14 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -1583,6 +1583,28 @@ def f():
 
         self.check_line_numbers(f.__code__, 'JUMP_BACKWARD')
 
+    def test_backward_jump_conditional_in_loop_in_try(self):
+        # gh-130279: The backward jump for the untaken branch of a
+        # conditional at the end of a loop body must be covered by the
+        # exception handler of the enclosing try.
+        def f(items):
+            try:
+                for x in items:
+                    if x < 0:
+                        raise ValueError(x)
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                return 'handled'
+
+        bytecode = dis.Bytecode(f)
+        jumps = [instr for instr in bytecode
+                 if instr.opname == 'JUMP_BACKWARD']
+        self.assertTrue(jumps)
+        for instr in jumps:
+            with self.subTest(instr=instr):
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    any(entry.start <= instr.offset < entry.end
+                        for entry in bytecode.exception_entries))
+
     def test_big_dict_literal(self):
         # The compiler has a flushing point in "compiler_dict" that calls compiles
         # a portion of the dictionary literal when the loop that iterates over the items
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-15-12-36-09.gh-issue-130279.N9N-sw.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-15-12-36-09.gh-issue-130279.N9N-sw.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..3621b07f18f444f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-15-12-36-09.gh-issue-130279.N9N-sw.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Fix exceptions raised at the backward jump of a loop (such as
+:exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`) skipping the enclosing :keyword:`try` or
+:keyword:`with` statement when the loop body ends with an :keyword:`if`
+statement whose condition is false.
diff --git a/Python/flowgraph.c b/Python/flowgraph.c
index a5138d1a1fa2846..bc37c1c35f228e5 100644
--- a/Python/flowgraph.c
+++ b/Python/flowgraph.c
@@ -586,6 +586,13 @@ normalize_jumps_in_block(cfg_builder *g, basicblock *b) {
         basicblock_addop(backwards_jump, NOT_TAKEN, 0, last->i_loc));
     RETURN_IF_ERROR(
         basicblock_add_jump(backwards_jump, JUMP, target, last->i_loc));
+    /* The new instructions are covered by the same exception handler as
+     * the conditional jump, since the backward jump can raise when it
+     * checks the eval breaker.
+     */
+    for (int i = 0; i < backwards_jump->b_iused; i++) {
+        backwards_jump->b_instr[i].i_except = last->i_except;
+    }
     backwards_jump->b_startdepth = target->b_startdepth;
     last->i_opcode = reversed_opcode;
     last->i_target = b->b_next;
@@ -1288,12 +1295,15 @@ jump_thread(basicblock *bb, cfg_instr *inst, cfg_instr *target, int opcode)
     if (inst->i_target != target->i_target) {
         /* Change inst to NOP and append a jump to target->i_target. The
          * NOP will be removed later if it's not needed for the lineno.
+         * The new jump keeps the exception handler of inst.
          */
+        basicblock *except = inst->i_except;
         INSTR_SET_OP0(inst, NOP);
 
         RETURN_IF_ERROR(
             basicblock_add_jump(
                 bb, opcode, target->i_target, target->i_loc));
+        basicblock_last_instr(bb)->i_except = except;
 
         return true;
     }