ci: create a quality assurance workflow

[robertodr]

Summary

Separate quality assurance jobs from testing.

Changes

• Split code coverage from test.yml to qa-analysis.yml
• Split sonarqube from test.yml to qa-analysis.yml

Checklist

• Tests added or updated to cover the changes
• Documentation updated (docstrings, docs/, CONTRIBUTING.md) if needed
• CHANGELOG / release notes updated if applicable

AI/LLM disclosure

• I did not use LLM tooling, or used it only privately for ideation
• I used the following tool to help write this PR description:
• I used the following tool to generate or modify code:

Important

By opening this PR I confirm that I have read CONTRIBUTING.md and I agree to the terms of the Contributor License Agreement.

Warning

If you're contributing on behalf of your employer, contact cla@algorithmiq.fi to arrange a Corporate CLA.

---

This is part 2 of 3 in a stack made with GitButler:

•  3  fix: 🧹 use hwloc instead of custom topology discovery #180
•  2  ci: create a quality assurance workflow #173 👈
•  1  build(cmake): only allow to build as python extension #152

[github-actions]

Docs preview: https://pr-173.monoprop-docs.pages.dev

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 95.31%. Comparing base (847b50f) to head (d582e87).
⚠️ Report is 53 commits behind head on chore-dev-single-build-path.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                       Coverage Diff                        @@
##           chore-dev-single-build-path     #173       +/-   ##
================================================================
+ Coverage                        84.66%   95.31%   +10.64%     
================================================================
  Files                               59       14       -45     
  Lines                             4239      704     -3535     
  Branches                          1497       88     -1409     
================================================================
- Hits                              3589      671     -2918     
+ Misses                             254       20      -234     
+ Partials                           396       13      -383     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	95.31% <ø> (+12.76%)	⬆️
python	?

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

[robertodr]

apologies: as you can see the history got completely mangled (34 commits, while it should be 7 or so) I'm learning how to use stacked PRs...

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud