charlielye · Oct 22, 2026 · Oct 18, 2026 · Oct 20, 2026 · Oct 21, 2026 · Oct 21, 2026
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "Development",
-  "image": "aztecprotocol/devbox:3.1",
+  "image": "aztecprotocol/devbox:3.2",
   "features": {
     // Use custom fork with noble added to list of supported distros.
     "./docker-in-docker": {}

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: Node Version
       description: Your Node.js version
-      placeholder: e.g. 24.15.0
+      placeholder: e.g. 26.12.0
   - type: textarea
     id: additional-context
     attributes:

diff --git a/.nvmrc b/.nvmrc
@@ -1 +1 @@
-v24.15.0
+v26.12.0
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=8 BB_BENCH=1 \
 ```
 
 The wasmtime wrapper sets:
-- `-Wthreads=y -Sthreads=y` — enable WASM threads and shared memory
+- `-Wthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y -Wexceptions=y -Sthreads=y` — enable WASM threads, shared memory and exception handling
 - `--env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY` — thread count
 - `--env BB_BENCH` — enable operation counting (requires configuring with `-DENABLE_WASM_BENCH=ON`; it is OFF by default in the `wasm-threads` preset to keep the shipped wasm fast)
 - `--dir=$HOME/.bb-crs --dir=.` — filesystem access for CRS and working directory

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ ssh $BB_SSH_KEY $BB_SSH_INSTANCE "
   cd $REMOTE_DIR
   HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY \
   /home/ubuntu/.wasmtime/bin/wasmtime run \
-    -Wthreads=y -Sthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y \
+    -Wthreads=y -Wexceptions=y -Sthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y \
     --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY --env HOME --env BB_BENCH=1 \
     --dir=\$HOME/.bb-crs --dir=. \
     ./bin/bb prove \

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ ssh $BB_SSH_KEY $BB_SSH_INSTANCE \
   "cd $BB_SSH_CPP_PATH/build-wasm-threads && \
    HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=16 \
    /home/ubuntu/.wasmtime/bin/wasmtime run \
-     -Wthreads=y -Sthreads=y \
+     -Wthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y -Wexceptions=y -Sthreads=y \
      --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY \
      --env HOME \
      --env BB_BENCH=1 \

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "chalk": "^5.3.0",
     "commander": "^12.1.0",
-    "playwright": "1.49.0",
+    "playwright": "1.63.0",
     "puppeteer": "^24.22.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {

@@ -2466,16 +2466,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"fsevents@npm:2.3.2":
-  version: 2.3.2
-  resolution: "fsevents@npm:2.3.2"
-  dependencies:
-    node-gyp: "npm:latest"
-  checksum: 10c0/be78a3efa3e181cda3cf7a4637cb527bcebb0bd0ea0440105a3bb45b86f9245b307dc10a2507e8f4498a7d4ec349d1910f4d73e4d4495b16103106e07eee735b
-  conditions: os=darwin
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "fsevents@npm:~2.3.2":
   version: 2.3.3
   resolution: "fsevents@npm:2.3.3"
@@ -2486,15 +2476,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"fsevents@patch:fsevents@npm%3A2.3.2#optional!builtin<compat/fsevents>":
-  version: 2.3.2
-  resolution: "fsevents@patch:fsevents@npm%3A2.3.2#optional!builtin<compat/fsevents>::version=2.3.2&hash=df0bf1"
-  dependencies:
-    node-gyp: "npm:latest"
-  conditions: os=darwin
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "fsevents@patch:fsevents@npm%3A~2.3.2#optional!builtin<compat/fsevents>":
   version: 2.3.3
   resolution: "fsevents@patch:fsevents@npm%3A2.3.3#optional!builtin<compat/fsevents>::version=2.3.3&hash=df0bf1"
@@ -2675,7 +2656,7 @@ __metadata:
   dependencies:
     chalk: "npm:^5.3.0"
     commander: "npm:^12.1.0"
-    playwright: "npm:1.49.0"
+    playwright: "npm:1.63.0"
     puppeteer: "npm:^24.22.3"
     ts-node: "npm:^10.9.2"
     typescript: "npm:^5.4.2"
@@ -4097,27 +4078,23 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"playwright-core@npm:1.49.0":
-  version: 1.49.0
-  resolution: "playwright-core@npm:1.49.0"
+"playwright-core@npm:1.63.0":
+  version: 1.63.0
+  resolution: "playwright-core@npm:1.63.0"
   bin:
     playwright-core: cli.js
-  checksum: 10c0/22c1a72fabdcc87bd1cd4d40a032d2c5b94cf94ba7484dc182048c3fa1c8ec26180b559d8cac4ca9870e8fd6bdf5ef9d9f54e7a31fd60d67d098fcffc5e4253b
+  checksum: 10c0/39c1ebae4029ca2e9371e00a5588d962038e24b6e0bdb7d0d27374dde04838f349b83ae0c8b3b648653d0935cba7fb9011f1201adaab9dd0db7801ad6c75e9aa
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"playwright@npm:1.49.0":
-  version: 1.49.0
-  resolution: "playwright@npm:1.49.0"
+"playwright@npm:1.63.0":
+  version: 1.63.0
+  resolution: "playwright@npm:1.63.0"
   dependencies:
-    fsevents: "npm:2.3.2"
-    playwright-core: "npm:1.49.0"
-  dependenciesMeta:
-    fsevents:
-      optional: true
+    playwright-core: "npm:1.63.0"
   bin:
     playwright: cli.js
-  checksum: 10c0/e94d662747cd147d0573570fec90dadc013c1097595714036fc8934a075c5a82ab04a49111b03b1f762ea86429bdb7c94460901896901e20970b30ce817cc93f
+  checksum: 10c0/d1fd048a89be27c9aba6757dc4f70eff4a5163b49f439ad691767be8b2a482327d0dd1928b4f73c8fe0d8b33aab2c9dc2670424ab60f112d9e98e91b94e3b090
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ clang-format-20 -i <files>
 These are load-bearing: violating them will compile on native but break WASM, or skew test output in CI. Use the listed alternative unconditionally.
 
 - **Logging: use `info(...)` / `vinfo(...)` from `barretenberg/common/log.hpp`, never `std::cout` or `std::cerr`.** The macros route through `log_function` and respect `bb_log_level`; direct `std::cout` is unfiltered, uncaptured in CI logs, and skews benchmark output.
-- **Aborts and exceptions: use `throw_or_abort(msg)` from `barretenberg/common/throw_or_abort.hpp`, never bare `throw` or `std::abort()`.** WASM builds set `BB_NO_EXCEPTIONS`, which turns `throw` into `abort()` — bare `throw` compiles differently and misformats the message, and raw `std::abort()` drops the message entirely. For header-only libraries that must use exception syntax, use the `THROW`/`RETHROW` macros from `common/try_catch_shim.hpp`.
+- **Aborts and exceptions: use `throw_or_abort(msg)` from `barretenberg/common/throw_or_abort.hpp`, never bare `throw` or `std::abort()`.** Builds that set `BB_NO_EXCEPTIONS` (the `clang20-no-exceptions` preset; WASM builds now use wasm exception handling) turn `throw_or_abort` into `abort()`, and raw `std::abort()` drops the message entirely. For header-only libraries that must use exception syntax, use the `THROW`/`RETHROW` macros from `common/try_catch_shim.hpp`.
 - **Assertions: use `BB_ASSERT(cond, msg)` / `BB_ASSERT_EQ` / `BB_ASSERT_NEQ` / `BB_ASSERT_GT` / etc. from `barretenberg/common/assert.hpp`, never bare `assert(...)`.** `BB_ASSERT` hooks into the benchmark-assertion framework and has distinct debug/release behavior; `assert` is stripped in release builds and silently diverges in WASM.
 - **Release builds: do not reach for the `release` CMake preset unless the user is reproducing a performance issue.** Debug/default presets are much faster to compile and sufficient for correctness work.
 

@@ -421,8 +421,7 @@
         "CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE": "ONLY",
         "CMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS": "ON",
         "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS": "ON",
-        "MULTITHREADING": "OFF",
-        "CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS": "-DBB_NO_EXCEPTIONS"
+        "MULTITHREADING": "OFF"
       }
     },
     {

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ if(WASM)
     # Disable SLP vectorization on WASM as it's brokenly slow. To give an idea, with this off it still takes
     # 2m:18s to compile scalar_multiplication.cpp, and with it on I estimate it's 50-100 times longer. I never
     # had the patience to wait it out...
-    add_compile_options(-fno-exceptions -fno-slp-vectorize)
+    add_compile_options(-fno-slp-vectorize)
+    # Standard (exnref) wasm exception handling. wasi-sdk 33+ ships a sysroot built with it, selected by
+    # -fwasm-exceptions at link time; libunwind provides the unwinder.
+    add_compile_options(-fwasm-exceptions -mllvm -wasm-use-legacy-eh=false)
+    add_link_options(-fwasm-exceptions -lunwind)
 endif()
 
 # Target skylake on x86 for AVX2 etc. ARM is handled by the zig wrapper scripts

@@ -18,3 +18,7 @@ if(NOT benchmark_FOUND)
     set_property(DIRECTORY ${benchmark_SOURCE_DIR} PROPERTY EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
     set_property(DIRECTORY ${benchmark_BINARY_DIR} PROPERTY EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 endif()
+# The library builds with -pedantic-errors, and clang 23 (wasi-sdk 34) flags its __COUNTER__ as a C2y extension.
+if(TARGET benchmark AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 23)
+    target_compile_options(benchmark PRIVATE -Wno-c2y-extensions)
+endif()
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ if(MULTITHREADING)
     add_compile_options(-pthread)
     add_link_options(-pthread)
     if(WASM)
-        add_compile_options(--target=wasm32-wasi-threads)
-        add_link_options(--target=wasm32-wasi-threads -Wl,--shared-memory)
+        add_compile_options(--target=wasm32-wasip1-threads)
+        add_link_options(--target=wasm32-wasip1-threads -Wl,--shared-memory)
         # Prevent indirect call type mismatch errors in thread_local destructors
         # (without this the benchmark flow fails at destruction point for WASM)
         add_compile_options(-fno-c++-static-destructors)

@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ cmake --build --preset wasm-threads --target $BENCHMARK
 cd build-wasm-threads
 # Consistency with _wasm.sh targets / shorter $COMMAND.
 cp ./bin/$BENCHMARK .
-wasmtime run --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY -Wthreads=y -Sthreads=y --dir=.. $COMMAND
+wasmtime run --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY -Wthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y -Wexceptions=y -Sthreads=y --dir=.. $COMMAND
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ ssh $BB_SSH_KEY $BB_SSH_INSTANCE "mkdir -p $BB_SSH_CPP_PATH/build-wasm-threads"
 scp $BB_SSH_KEY ./bin/$BENCHMARK $BB_SSH_INSTANCE:$BB_SSH_CPP_PATH/build-wasm-threads
 # run wasm benchmarking
 ssh $BB_SSH_KEY $BB_SSH_INSTANCE \
-  "cd $BB_SSH_CPP_PATH/build-wasm-threads ; /home/ubuntu/.wasmtime/bin/wasmtime run --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY -Wthreads=y -Sthreads=y --dir=.. $COMMAND"
+  "cd $BB_SSH_CPP_PATH/build-wasm-threads ; /home/ubuntu/.wasmtime/bin/wasmtime run --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY -Wthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y -Wexceptions=y -Sthreads=y --dir=.. $COMMAND"
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ cmake --build --preset wasm-threads --target $BENCHMARK
 cd build-wasm-threads
 # Consistency with _wasm.sh targets / shorter $COMMAND.
 cp ./bin/$BENCHMARK .
-samply record wasmtime run --profile=perfmap --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY -Wthreads=y -Sthreads=y --dir=.. $COMMAND
+samply record wasmtime run --profile=perfmap --env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY=$HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY -Wthreads=y -Wshared-memory=y -Wexceptions=y -Sthreads=y --dir=.. $COMMAND
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ set -eu
 export WASMTIME_BACKTRACE_DETAILS=1
 exec wasmtime run \
   -Wthreads=y \
+  -Wshared-memory=y \
+  -Wexceptions=y \
   -Sthreads=y \
   ${HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY:+--env HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY} \
   --env HOME \

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ if(NOT FUZZING)
     )
     add_custom_command(
         OUTPUT ${BB_GEN_OUTPUTS}
-        COMMAND node --experimental-strip-types --experimental-transform-types --no-warnings
+        COMMAND node --experimental-strip-types --no-warnings
                 ${IPC_CODEGEN_DIR}/src/generate.ts
                 --schema ${BB_SCHEMA}
                 --lang cpp

@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ template <typename Curve> class ShplonkVerifier_ {
  *
  */
 template <typename Fr>
-static std::vector<Fr> compute_shplonk_batching_challenge_powers(const Fr& shplonk_batching_challenge,
+inline std::vector<Fr> compute_shplonk_batching_challenge_powers(const Fr& shplonk_batching_challenge,
                                                                  const size_t virtual_log_n,
                                                                  bool has_zk = false,
                                                                  bool committed_sumcheck = false)

@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ template <typename Curve> class SmallSubgroupIPAVerifier {
  * @return Polynomial<FF>
  */
 template <typename Curve>
-static std::vector<typename Curve::ScalarField> compute_challenge_polynomial_coeffs(
+inline std::vector<typename Curve::ScalarField> compute_challenge_polynomial_coeffs(
     const std::vector<typename Curve::ScalarField>& multivariate_challenge)
 {
 

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ template <typename T> RefVector<T> concatenate(const RefVector<T>& ref_vector, c
 }
 
 /* @details Ensures a nested vector holds reference objects */
-template <typename T> static std::vector<RefVector<T>> to_vector_of_ref_vectors(std::vector<std::vector<T>>& vec)
+template <typename T> inline std::vector<RefVector<T>> to_vector_of_ref_vectors(std::vector<std::vector<T>>& vec)
 {
     std::vector<RefVector<T>> result;
     for (std::vector<T>& inner : vec) {

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "barretenberg/env/throw_or_abort_impl.hpp"
 #include "log.hpp"
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 
 inline void throw_or_abort [[noreturn]] (std::string const& err)
 {
+#if defined(__wasm__) && !defined(BB_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
+    // Throw inside the module, so catch blocks such as bbapi's error responses see it. The JavaScript environment's
+    // throw_or_abort_impl throws a JS error, which unwinds the module without running them or any destructors.
+    throw std::runtime_error(err);
+#else
     throw_or_abort_impl(err.c_str());
+#endif
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "./utils.hpp"
 
+#include <cstdlib>
+
 namespace bb::utils {
 
 std::vector<uint8_t> hex_to_bytes(const std::string& hex)

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ template <typename Fq> static inline Fq compute_schnorr_challenge_dst()
  * @return e as a bb::fr element
  */
 template <typename G1>
-static typename G1::Fq schnorr_generate_challenge(const typename G1::Fq& message_field,
+inline typename G1::Fq schnorr_generate_challenge(const typename G1::Fq& message_field,
                                                   const typename G1::affine_element& pubkey,
                                                   const typename G1::affine_element& R)
 {

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ hash=$(hash_str $(cache_content_hash .rebuild_patterns))
 # generated client never depends on hand-maintained copies of them.
 function generate {
   local root=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
-  (cd barretenberg-rs && node --experimental-strip-types --experimental-transform-types --no-warnings \
+  (cd barretenberg-rs && node --experimental-strip-types --no-warnings \
     "$root/ipc-codegen/src/generate.ts" \
     --schema "$root/barretenberg/cpp/src/barretenberg/bbapi/bb_schema.json" \
     --lang rust \

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ BBAPI="$ROOT/barretenberg/cpp/src/barretenberg/bbapi"
 
 # bb.js keeps its historical API surface (poseidon2Hash, Poseidon2Hash), so the
 # Bb service prefix is stripped from identifiers; wire tags keep it.
-node --experimental-strip-types --experimental-transform-types --no-warnings \
+node --experimental-strip-types --no-warnings \
   "$ROOT/ipc-codegen/src/generate.ts" \
   --schema "$BBAPI/bb_schema.json" \
   --lang ts \

@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ describe('BBApi Exception Handling from bb.js', () => {
       g2Point: new Uint8Array(10), // Only 10 bytes (needs 128) - will cause exception
     };
 
-    // In WASM builds, throw_or_abort calls abort directly which throws a generic Error
-    // In native builds with exceptions, our try-catch in bbapi converts it to ErrorResponse
-    // This test verifies that errors are catchable from bb.js (even if as generic Error in WASM)
+    // The wasm builds with exception handling, so bbapi's try-catch converts the C++ exception to an ErrorResponse,
+    // as it does natively.
     expect(() => {
       api.srsInitSrs(invalidCommand);
     }).toThrow();
@@ -49,4 +48,22 @@ describe('BBApi Exception Handling from bb.js', () => {
       expect((error as Error).message).toContain('invalid points_buf size');
     }
   });
+
+  it('answers with an error response rather than aborting the module', async () => {
+    const logs: string[] = [];
+    const loggingBackend = await BarretenbergWasmSyncBackend.new(undefined, msg => logs.push(msg));
+    try {
+      expect(() =>
+        new SyncApi(loggingBackend).srsInitSrs({
+          numPoints: 100,
+          pointsBuf: new Uint8Array(10),
+          g2Point: new Uint8Array(10),
+        }),
+      ).toThrow('invalid points_buf size');
+      // The JS environment logs this when the module aborts rather than catching the exception itself.
+      expect(logs.filter(log => log.includes('aborted'))).toEqual([]);
+    } finally {
+      loggingBackend.destroy();
+    }
+  }, 60000);
 });
diff --git a/bootstrap.sh b/bootstrap.sh
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 # Expected toolchain versions.
 export expected_min_clang_version=20.0.0
 export expected_min_cmake_version=3.24
-export expected_min_node_version=24.12.0
+export expected_min_node_version=26.12.0
 export expected_min_zig_version=0.15.1
 export expected_abs_rust_version=1.89.0
-export expected_abs_wasi_version=27.0
+export expected_abs_wasi_version=34.0
 export expected_abs_foundry_version=1.8.5
 export expected_abs_yarn_version=4.13.0
 
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ function install_node {
     curl -s -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.4/install.sh | bash
     . "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" --no-use
   fi
-  nvm install --lts
-  nvm alias default lts/*
+  nvm install $expected_min_node_version
+  nvm alias default $expected_min_node_version
 }
 
 function install_node_utils {

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 source $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/ci3/source_bootstrap
 
-version="3.1"
+version="3.2"
 arch=$(arch)
 branch=${BRANCH:-$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)}
 

@@ -41,5 +41,5 @@ else
     -vdevbox-var-lib-docker:/var/lib/docker \
     -v$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa:/home/aztec-dev/.ssh/id_rsa:ro \
     --privileged \
-    aztecprotocol/devbox:3.1
+    aztecprotocol/devbox:3.2
 fi