docs: clarify CBOM algorithm naming notation and HSS patterns

[Mehrn0ush]

Following @stevespringett suggestion in the meeting to contribute to the CBOM guide, and @bhess review suggestion in CycloneDX/specification#1029, this adds detailed naming-pattern guidance to the Cryptography Definitions chapter. It accompanies the shorter schema description proposed in that specification PR.

The update:

• Clarifies that parentheses group content, while | separates alternatives.
• Documents placeholders, optional content, repetition, literal characters, and variant references.
• Explains unique reference resolution, cycle prevention, and partial identification.
• Documents LMS/LMOTS parameter units and HSS level ordering, pair-count consistency, and non-inheritance of omitted parameters.
• Adds HSS naming examples and renames the existing RSA example heading for clarity.

Related specification PR: CycloneDX/specification#1029
Review suggestion: CycloneDX/specification#1029 (comment)

This guide update describes notation proposed in #1029; please coordinate review and merging with that change.

Validation:

• Built the CBOM guide locally with build/build-pdf.sh CBOM.
• Built and ran the Docker guide generator.
• Both builds produced a 38-page draft PDF.
• Inspected the updated sections, including notation, HSS examples, code-block rendering, and the existing RSA example.