Bump Node to 24.19.0 and enforce npm >= 11.10.0 toolchain

[NicolasBonet]

Details

Prep for rolling out npm's min-release-age cooldown (https://github.com/Expensify/Expensify/issues/636594). That setting requires npm >= 11.10.0, so this bumps and enforces the toolchain first:

• .nvmrc: 24.11.0 -> 24.19.0
• package.json: replace engines with devEngines requiring node >= 24.19.0 / npm >= 11.10.0 (same block as expensify-common). devEngines only applies to contributors, not consumers of the published package, so engines is dropped rather than maintaining two sets of requirements (same call as Bump Node to 24.19.0 and enforce npm >= 11.10.0 toolchain react-fast-pdf#56).
• example/package.json / package-lock.json: drop the matching engines entries, no dependency changes
• build-android.yml / build-ios.yml / build-web.yml: add the same setup-node step (reading .nvmrc) that check.yml / lint.yml already use, since these ran npm ci on the runner-default Node

No .npmrc or min-release-age yet — that's a follow-up.

Related Issues

For https://github.com/Expensify/Expensify/issues/678052

Manual Tests

1. nvm use 24.19.0 && npm ci succeeds, npm run lint and npm run typecheck pass
2. nvm use 24.11.0 && npm ci fails with EBADDEVENGINES
3. CI jobs on this PR set up Node from .nvmrc

Linked PRs

N/A

[github-actions]

All contributors have signed the CLA ✍️ ✅
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[NicolasBonet]

I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA

[os-botify]

🚀 Published to npm in 0.1.338 🎉