Qiskrypt

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About

The Qiskrypt is a software suite of protocols of quantum cryptography, quantum communications, as well, other protocols and algorithms, built using the IBM’s open-source Software Development Kit for quantum computing Qiskit.

Foundation

This framework started as a proposal for the IBM Hackathon Europe 2021, achieving its 2nd phase (finals, with the top 20 teams), as well, as an idea developed by a team of students, researchers and professors, mostly from Técnico Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Security and Quantum Information Group (SQIG), UT Austin Portugal and School of Engineering from University of Connecticut.

The aim of our framework is to provide all the known quantum cryptographic protocols, in a single place, as an accessible solution, and being easy to use.

Mission

The mission of our framework is to:

• Emphasize the importance of quantum cryptography, as a long-term solution for the post-quantum era;
• Provide open-source implementations of quantum cryptographic protocols, including:
  • Quantum Key Distributions (QKDs);
  • Semi-Quantum Key Distribution (SQKDs);
  • Quantum Conference Key Agreements (QCKAs);
  • Semi-Quantum Conference Key Agreements (SQCKAs);
  • Quantum One-Time Pads (QOTPs);
  • SWAP Test/Quantum Fingerprinting;
• Offer some important primitives for quantum communications and quantum networks, such as:
  • Quantum Teleportation;
  • Quantum Entanglement Swapping;
  • Quantum Entanglement Distillation/Purification;
  • Quantum Repeaters;
  • Quantum Internet/Network Protocols;
• Offer, as well, some quantum algortithms for quantum cryptanalysis and quantum attacks, such as:
  • Grover's Algorithm;
  • Simon's Algorithm;
  • Shor's Algorithm;
• Provide an easy and comprehensive detailed explanation of the protocols, primitives and algorithms addressed, through several illustrations and tutorials;

Meet our team

Our team is composed by the following members:

Institutions involved

The institutions involved in the development of this framework are:

     
  

Powered by

This framework is powered by:

Useful links

Take a look on some useful links, related to our framework:

• https://qiskrypt.github.io/

Contact us

If you have any doubt or want to give some suggestion, feel free to contact us:

• qiskrypt@gmail.com

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Specifications

The specifications of the primitives offered in our framework are described in the following sections.

Quantum Key Distributions (QKDs)
[Key Exchanges for Bipartite Quantum Scenarios, with N=2 Parties]

Discrete Variable - Quantum Key Distributions (DV-QKDs)

#	Type	Name	Year	Author(s)	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	PM (Prepare-and-Measure)	BB84	1984	C. Bennet and G. Bassard	[BB84]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
2		B92	1992	C. Bennet	[B92]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
3		MSZ96	1996	Y. Mu, J. Seberry and Y. Zheng	[MSZ96]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
4		SSP (Six-State Protocol)	1998	H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci and N. Gisin	[PG98]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
5		Decoy State	2002	W. Hwang	[H02]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
6		Singapore	2004	B. Englert, D. Kaszlikowski, H. Ng, W. Chua, J. Řeháček and J. Anders	[EKNCRA04]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
7		R04	2004	J. Renes	[R04]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
8		SARG04 (w/ 4 states)	2004	V. Scarani, A. Acín, G. Ribordy and N. Gisin	[SARG04]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
9		SARG04 (w/ 6 states)	2004	K. Tamaki and H. Lo	[TL04]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
10		KMB09	2009	M. Khan, M. Murphy and A. Beige	[KMB09]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
11		S09	2009	E. Serna	[S09]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
12		T12	2012	M. Lucamarini, K. Patel, J. Dynes, B. Fröhlich, A. Sharpe, A. Dixon, Z. Yuan, R. Penty and A. Shields (Toshiba)	[T12]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
13		S13	2013	E. Serna	[S13]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
14	EB (Entanglement-Based)	E91	1991	A. Ekert	[E91]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
15		BBM92	1992	C. Bennet, G. Brassard and N. Mermin	[BBM92]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)

Continuous Variables - Quantum Key Distributions (CV-QKDs)

Available soon.

Distributed Phase Reference - Quantum Key Distributions (DPR-QKDs)

#	Name	Year	Author(s)	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	DPS (Differential Phase Shift)	2003	K. Inoue, E. Waks, Y. Yamamoto	[IWY03]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
2	COW (Coherent One-Way)	2005	D. Stucki, N. Brunner, N. Gisin, V. Scarani and H. Zbinden	[SBGSZ05]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
3	DPTS (Differential Phase Time Shifting)	2016	D. Bacco, J. Christensen, M. Castaneda, Y. Ding, S. Forchhammer, K. Rottwitt and L. Oxenløwe	[BCCDFRO16]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)

High-Dimensional - Quantum Key Distributions (HD-QKDs)

Available soon.

Semi-Quantum Key Distributions (SQKDs)
[Key Exchanges for Bipartite Semi-Quantum Scenarios, with N=2 Parties]

Available soon.

Quantum Conference Key Agreements (QCKAs)
[Key Exchanges for Multipartite Quantum Scenarios, with N>=2 Parties]

Available soon.

Semi-Quantum Conference Key Agreements (SQCKAs)
[Key Exchanges for Multipartite Semi-Quantum Scenarios, with N>=2 Parties]

Available soon.

Quantum Secure Multi-Party Computations

Available soon.

Quantum Cryptocurrencies

#	Name	Year	Author(s)	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	Quantum Money	1983	C. Bennett, G. Brassard, S. Breidbart and S. Wiesner	[W83], [BBBW83]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
2	Quantum Coin (w/ Classical Verification)	2011	D. Gavinsky	[G11]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
3	Quantum Cheque	2016	S. Moulick and P. Panigrahi	[MP16]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
4	Quantum Token	2017	M. Bozzio, A. Orieux, L. Vidarte, I. Zaquine, I. Kerenidis and E. Diamanti	[BOZKD17]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
5	Quantum Lighting	2019	M. Zhandry	[Z19]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)

Other Quantum Cryptographic Primitives

#	Purpose	No. Parties	Name	Year	Authors	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	Symmetric Encryption (Private Quantum Channels)	N=2 (Bipartite)	QOTP (Quantum One-Time Pad)	2000	M. Mosca, A. Tapp and R. Wolf	[MTW00]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
2	Quantum Data Authentication	N=2 (Bipartite)	Quantum Data Signature	2001	D. Gottesman and I. Chuang	[GC01]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
3		N=2 (Bipartite)	Quantum Message Authentication	2002	H. Barnum, C. Crepeau, D. Gottesman, A. Smith and A. Tapp	[BCGST02]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
4	Quantum Data Integrity	N>=2 (Multipartite)	SWAP Test (Quantum Fingerprinting)	2001	H. Buhrman, R. Cleve, J. Watrous and R. Wolf	[BCWW01]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
5		N=2 (Bipartite)	Quantum Hashing Function	2013	F. Ablayev and A. Vasiliev	[AV13]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
6		N=2 (Bipartite)	Bell State Measurement (BSM)	1996	M. Michler, K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter and A. Zeilinger	[MMWZ96]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
7		N>=3 (Multipartite)	GHZ State Measurement (GHZSM)	-	-	-	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
8		N>=3 (Multipartite)	W State Measurement (WSM)	-	-	-	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)

Quantum Internet Protocols, Quantum Networking and Quantum Communications

Available soon.

Quantum Entanglements

#	Name	No. Parties	Year	Authors	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	EPR (Einstein-Podolski-Rosen) Pair	N=2 (Bipartite)	1935	A. Einstein, B. Podolski and N. Rosen	[EPR35]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
2	Dicke State	N>=2 (Bipartite)	1954	R. Dicke	[D54]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
3	Bell States	N=2 (Bipartite)	1964	J. Bell	[B64]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
4	GHZ (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) State	N>=3 (Multipartite)	1989	D. Greenberger, M. Horne and A. Zeilinger	[GHZ89]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
5	Werner State	N>=3 (Multipartite)	1989	R. Werner	[W89]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
6	W State	N>=3 (Multipartite)	2000	W. Dür, G. Vidal and J. Cirac	[DVC00]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
7	Cluster State	N>=3 (Multipartite)	2000	H. Briegel and R. Raussendorf	[BR00]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
8	Graph State	N>=3 (Multipartite)	2003	M. Hein, J. Eisert and H. Briegel	[HEB03]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)

Quantum True Randomness

#	Name	Year	Authors	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	Schrödinger's Cat	1935	E. Schrödinger	[S35]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
2	Quantum Coin Tossing	-	-	[QCT]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
3	Quantum Hadamard Transform	-	-	[QHT]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
4	Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG)	-	-	[QRNG]	❌ (N/A)	⌛ (v0.0.1)
5	Quantum Random Walks (QRW)	1993	Y. Aharonov, L. Davidovich and N. Zagury	[ADZ93]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)

Quantum Distance Measures and Quantum Metrics

#	Name	No. Parties	Year	Authors	Ref.	Tutorial(s)	Build
1	Quantum Entropy (von Neumann Entropy)	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1932	J. Neumann	[N32]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
2	Quantum Conditional Entropy	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1995	N. Cerf and C. Adami	[CA95]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
3	Quantum Relative Entropy	N>=2 (Multipartite)	2000	B. Schumacher and M. Westmoreland	[SW00]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
4	Quantum Joint Entropy	N>=2 (Multipartite)	2001	L. Henderson and V. Vedral	[HV01]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
5	Quantum Shannon Distinguishability	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1948	C. Shannon	[S48]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
6	Quantum Fidelity	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1994	R. Josza	[J99]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
7	Bhattacharyya Coefficient	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1996	C. Fuchs and C. Caves	[FC96]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
8	Trace Distance (Kolmogorov Distance)	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1997	C. Fuchs and J. Graaf	[FG97]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
9	Monogamy of Quantum Entanglement	N>=2 (Multipartite)	1999	V. Coffman, J. Kundu and W. Wootters	[CKW99]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)
10	Quantum Discord	N>=2 (Multipartite)	2001	H. Ollivier and W. Zurek	[OZ01]	❌ (N/A)	❌ (N/A)

Quantum Algorithms

Available soon.

Other references

Other some references for some of the developed protocols can be found here:

• Quantum Protocol Zoo
• Quantum Algorithm Zoo
• Quantiki

Our motto

"Let's encrypt with Qiskit??! Qiskrypt!!!"

With love, your qiskitter, Rúben. ☺️ ❤️