docs: RFC 0059 and configuration/CLI framework

[aaltshuler]

What & why

Add draft RFC 0059 for cluster-first managed connection selection and
compatible CLI routing, plus docs/dev/config-cli-framework.md for the
configuration/CLI framework, ASCII model, operation contracts, invariants and
review guidance. The RFC distinguishes inspected historical behavior from
proposed requirements and updates the documentation indexes and registry.

CC-11 now specifies a 10-second connection limit within a 30-second total
managed query/mutation deadline, including the complete response body. The
narrow deadline agreement is coordinated with
PR #685; it does not accept
the broader resolver proposal. CC-17 includes late success, connection and
response deadlines, and unknown mutation outcomes with no automatic retry.

Backing issue / RFC

• RFC PR: RFC 0059 — Configuration and CLI coherency.

Accepted issue #653 is included as a separately testable served catalog CLI
extension. This PR does not implement or close it. Deferred additions from
#550, #565 and #432 are excluded.

Checklist

• Documentation only; no resolver implementation or runtime qualification.
• Proposed behavior remains explicitly labeled in the RFC and framework.
• Reviewed against the architectural invariants; none weakened and no
  deny-list exception requested.

Local verification

Documentation checks passed: agent/index links (47 links, 45 docs), Markdown
links and structure (133 files), spelling and git diff --check. Runtime
acceptance criteria remain future evidence gates for the broader proposal.

RFC 0059 remains draft / not-started. The framework preserves the inspected
baseline's 10-second deadline as a historical fact and labels 30 seconds as
the proposed contract. Offline credentials, permission-based execution and
Core configuration ownership remain intact.