feat: add magic square algorithms

[namanhegde018-ux]

Description of Change

Adds algorithms for constructing normal magic squares for odd, singly-even, and doubly-even orders.

The implementation uses:

• TURAGAGATI for odd orders
• SAMPUTAVIDHI for doubly-even orders
• VISHAMAGARBHA SUTRA for singly-even orders

Includes self-tests for the generated magic squares.

References

No related issue or previous pull request.

Checklist

• Added description of change
• Added file name matches [File name guidelines](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#File-Name-guidelines)
• Added tests and example, test must pass
• Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• PR title follows semantic [commit guidelines](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#Commit-Guidelines)
• Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.

Notes: Implements three different construction methods for normal magic squares based on the parity of the order.

[namanhegde018-ux]

The algorithm names are intentionally kept in their original form to preserve the historical terminology and give credit to their creators..

[namanhegde018-ux]

Hi @Panquesito7 @tjgurwara99 @alexpantyukhin Just dropping a friendly ping on PR #1586. All automated checks are passing, tests are included, and it implements odd, doubly-even, and singly-even magic square constructions. Whenever you have a spare moment to take a look, I'd appreciate your feedback!