feat: add the complete basic Jaspr catalog

[brianegan]

Summary

Adds the complete pinned A2UI v0.9 basic catalog for Jaspr, including icons, standard functions, and theme metadata. BasicJasprCatalog has one constructor and always includes the standard 59-icon renderer, matching what its official catalog ID promises; MinimalJasprCatalog remains the lightweight option.

Changes

• Adds all 18 basic-catalog components and 14 standard functions under the official catalog ID.
• Renders the 59 pinned Material icons as inline SVGs and includes their license notices.
• Keeps icon paths out of production builds that import the package or use only the Minimal catalog.
• Adds locale-aware number, currency, date, and plural formatting plus injectable, browser-safe URL opening.
• Documents the full and Minimal catalogs and exposes the new APIs from the package barrel.

Testing

The catalog tests exercise messages through the real processor, binder, catalog, and rendered HTML. For the icon boundary, run dart test test/icon_tree_shaking_test.dart; for URL behavior, run dart test -p chrome test/browser/open_url_browser_test.dart. The subsequent one-constructor and published-ID corrections passed focused tests and static analysis; the local gate was not rerun at the developer's request.

Gates

Gated f2538a1 against origin/main@ae9530c.

• review: skill code-review, pinned fable unreachable, ran on the session model, passed, agent-reported
• test: command, passed in 72.4s
• example-test: command, passed in 16.0s
• browser-test: command, passed in 6.5s

The gate ran on f2538a1, which is not the current head fff788d.
Reviewed against the plan recorded on the issue.

Closes #17