[C++][Python] Handling FIXED_SIZE_LIST, STRUCT, RUN_END_ENCODED Types in type_traits.h #40862

Describe the enhancement requested

Despite existing checks for FIXED_SIZE_LIST, STRUCT, RUN_END_ENCODED types in type_traits.h, direct usability issues have been identified.

This issue aims to revisit and possibly revise their implementation to ensure seamless integration and usage within pyarrow, further expanding its type support.

This issue is related to the following issues and PR:

• [Python] Use C++ type traits for nested types in types.py #40282
• GH-40282: [Python] Use C++ type traits #40761

Component(s)

C++, Python