[C++] Add key-value pairs to the FileSystemFactory interface #46369

Describe the enhancement requested

From discussion on PR #41559 (comment) and the mailing list, it's desirable to extend the filesystem factory interface to accept a set of key-value pairs in addition to a URL. This will draw a clearer distinction between filesystem options which are expected to be independent of the user (the URI, which should be reusable by multiple users) and options which are expected to be particular to a user (the key-value pairs, which may contain a user's keys/tokens/...). In particular it will remove the ambiguity of whether filesystem URIs must be guarded: URIs will not contain secrets and need not be guarded.

Component(s)

C++