[Dev][Tutorial] Fix SC2086 errors in cpp/examples/tutorial_examples directory #51485

In build_arrow.sh line 23:
mkdir -p $ARROW_BUILD_DIR
         ^--------------^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
mkdir -p "$ARROW_BUILD_DIR"


In build_arrow.sh line 24:
pushd $ARROW_BUILD_DIR
      ^--------------^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
pushd "$ARROW_BUILD_DIR"


In build_arrow.sh line 33:
    $ARROW_CMAKE_OPTIONS
    ^------------------^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
    "$ARROW_CMAKE_OPTIONS"


In build_arrow.sh line 35:
make -j$NPROC
       ^----^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
make -j"$NPROC"


In build_example.sh line 21:
mkdir -p $EXAMPLE_BUILD_DIR
         ^----------------^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
mkdir -p "$EXAMPLE_BUILD_DIR"


In build_example.sh line 22:
pushd $EXAMPLE_BUILD_DIR
      ^----------------^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
pushd "$EXAMPLE_BUILD_DIR"


In build_example.sh line 24:
cmake /io $EXAMPLE_CMAKE_OPTIONS
          ^--------------------^ SC2086 (info): Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean:
cmake /io "$EXAMPLE_CMAKE_OPTIONS"

For more information:
  https://www.shellcheck.net/wiki/SC2086 -- Double quote to prevent globbing ...