GH-52522: [CI][Python] Build with released CPython 3.15.0

[paultiq]

Rationale for this change

Python 3.15.0 released 2026-10-09 (https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3150/).

This is a follow-up to #48191, bumping the release pins and versions from 3.15.0rc2 to 3.15.0 (released).

What changes are included in this PR?

• Change version reference from 3.15.0rc2 to 3.15.0
• Update manylinux and musllinux quay.io build dates
• Update build date for python-build-standalone
• Bump PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_IMAGE_REVISION and PYTHON_WHEEL_WINDOWS_TEST_IMAGE_REVISION

Are these changes tested?

No

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

Was AI used for this PR?

PR code and description written by:

• Human
• AI

Reviewed before submission by:

• Human
• AI
• Not reviewed

• GitHub Issue: [CI][Python] Update builds to use official Python 3.15 Release #52522

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #52522 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g python

[github-actions]

Revision: c171a37

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-5feecda412

Task	Status
example-python-minimal-build-fedora-conda
example-python-minimal-build-ubuntu-venv
test-conda-python-3.11
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-latest
test-conda-python-3.11-dask-upstream_devel
test-conda-python-3.11-hdfs-2.10.2
test-conda-python-3.11-hdfs-3.5.0
test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis
test-conda-python-3.11-pandas-2.2.2-numpy-2.0.2
test-conda-python-3.11-spark-master
test-conda-python-3.12
test-conda-python-3.12-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.13
test-conda-python-3.13-pandas-latest-numpy-2.1.3
test-conda-python-3.13-pandas-latest-numpy-latest
test-conda-python-3.14
test-conda-python-3.14-cpython-debug
test-conda-python-3.14-pandas-nightly-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-3.14-pandas-upstream_devel-numpy-nightly
test-conda-python-emscripten
test-debian-13-python-3-amd64
test-debian-13-python-3-i386
test-fedora-42-python-3
test-ubuntu-24.04-python-3

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit wheel-cp315

[raulcd]

LGTM thanks @paultiq I'll validate the 3.15 wheels and will merge once successful.

[github-actions]

Revision: c171a37

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-980b24516a

Task	Status
wheel-macos-monterey-cp315-cp315-amd64
wheel-macos-monterey-cp315-cp315-arm64
wheel-macos-monterey-cp315-cp315t-amd64
wheel-macos-monterey-cp315-cp315t-arm64
wheel-manylinux-2-28-cp315-cp315-amd64
wheel-manylinux-2-28-cp315-cp315-arm64
wheel-manylinux-2-28-cp315-cp315t-amd64
wheel-manylinux-2-28-cp315-cp315t-arm64
wheel-musllinux-1-2-cp315-cp315-amd64
wheel-musllinux-1-2-cp315-cp315-arm64
wheel-musllinux-1-2-cp315-cp315t-amd64
wheel-musllinux-1-2-cp315-cp315t-arm64
wheel-windows-cp315-cp315-amd64
wheel-windows-cp315-cp315t-amd64