[chaliy]

What changed

ls -R and tree now list directories through the same bounded FileSystem::walk batches as find and du. On a backend with a bulk walk (one path-prefix query), they take one call per batch instead of one read_dir per directory. On other backends they still list each directory once.

• New WalkOptions::skip_hidden hint. Without -a, the default walk never enters dot directories that ls -R/tree do not print (e.g. .git).
• tree caps each batch at its remaining entry budget, so prefetch never reads far past where tree stops. With -I it keeps plain read_dir, because the walk cannot prune by pattern.

Why

Follow-up to #2816. On remote filesystems (~10 ms per call) ls -R/tree were the last tree walkers paying one round trip per directory.

Before / After

cargo bench --bench remote_fs -- --counts, bashkit checkout (3.7k files), index+walk backend:

command	before	after
ls -R crates	1,983 calls (19.8 s at 10 ms)	2 calls
tree crates	1,983 calls (19.8 s at 10 ms)	2 calls

Plain backend: unchanged at one read_dir per directory, and hidden directories are still not entered (ls_recursive_and_tree_skip_hidden_directories). The output is identical with and without bulk walk, using a 100-entry backend page (ls_recursive_and_tree_output_is_the_same_with_bulk_walk, covering -a, -l, -L, -d, -I, symlinks and hidden dirs).

Risk

• Low
• Output ordering or contents of ls -R/tree could change. This is covered by differential tests against the plain path.

Checklist

• Tests added or updated
• Backward compatibility considered (WalkOptions gains a field; backends may ignore the hint)

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Generated by Claude Code

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