FE-1304: add badge to ds

[alex-e-leon]

🌟 What is the purpose of this PR?

Adds badge component

Pre-Merge Checklist 🚀

🚢 Has this modified a publishable library?

This PR:

• does not modify any publishable blocks or libraries, or modifications do not need publishing

📜 Does this require a change to the docs?

The changes in this PR:

• are internal and do not require a docs change

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[cursor]

PR Summary

Medium Risk
Published ds-components minor with a breaking Badge public API (props and removed BadgeProps export); no in-repo usages found, but downstream apps must migrate.

Overview
Replaces the legacy inline Badge chip (children as label, colorScheme/size/isSquare/icons) with an overlay badge that wraps an anchor in children and shows counts or status in content, including dot mode, numeric {max}+ capping, corner position, alignTo="circle" for avatars, and hide.

Adds BaseBadge plus separate badge.recipe / base-badge.recipe styling for the pill vs corner placement (container-query transforms). Ladle stories move from Legacy/Badge to Components/Badge and document anchors (icon, button, avatar, text, tile). @hashintel/ds-components gets a minor changeset; BaseBadge is exported and BadgeProps is no longer re-exported from main.ts. Avatar makes shape optional with default circle.

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