perf: cut per-request overhead in the HTTP lifecycle - #515
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PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance calls active() on every request, and WorkerCachedMaintenanceMode answered "have five seconds elapsed" by building two CarbonImmutable instances and an interval -- more than the check it guards. Store the refresh time as a float and subtract.
HandleCors and ExcludesPaths checked `fullUrlIs($pattern) || is($pattern)`, and the cheaper operand was second: fullUrlIs() rebuilds the absolute URL to match patterns almost always written as paths, at 2.67us against 0.65us. Both also built a Collection per call.
terminateMiddleware() parsed and resolved every middleware on each request to ask method_exists($instance, 'terminate'), discovering that eight of the nine default middleware have none. Bindings are registered at boot, so the answer cannot change between requests. Keyed by the middleware string with its parameters, so 'throttle:60,1' and 'throttle:10,1' stay separate.
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📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughThe PR adds coroutine-local scoped binding detection, caches middleware termination capability, avoids unnecessary deferred-callback resolution, optimizes request matching and JSON response setup, changes maintenance timestamps to floats, and improves lazy pipeline pipe handling. ChangesRuntime processing changes
Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to This PR changes request-path matching so a path match can bypass forwarded-header validation, while empty predicate lists now perform unnecessary URL/path construction; the maintenance cache also needs precise test-clock handling and complete state reset. These are bounded but concrete correctness and test-isolation risks, so merge should wait for fixes or explicit owner acceptance. Possibly related PRs
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In `@src/foundation/src/Http/Middleware/Concerns/ExcludesPaths.php`:
- Around line 21-24: Ensure URL validation occurs before path-based early
returns: update the exclusion matching flow around Request::is() and
Request::fullUrlIs() so trusted forwarded scheme and port headers are validated
even when the path matches, while preserving matching behavior. Apply the
corresponding change in HandleCors.php around getHost() and its path matching
logic so scheme and forwarded-port validation cannot be skipped; affected sites
are src/foundation/src/Http/Middleware/Concerns/ExcludesPaths.php lines 21-24
and src/http/src/Middleware/HandleCors.php lines 93-96.
In `@src/foundation/src/WorkerCachedMaintenanceMode.php`:
- Around line 24-30: Update WorkerCachedMaintenanceMode by adding a public
static flushState(): void method at the class end, delegating to flushCache() so
all static cache state is reset.
Apply the same fix in `@src/foundation/src/WorkerCachedMaintenanceMode.php` around
lines 125 - 141.
In `@src/http/src/Request.php`:
- Around line 397-408: In the pattern-matching methods around decodedPath() and
fullUrl(), return false immediately when the patterns collection is empty,
before resolving either subject. Preserve the existing loop and matching
behavior for non-empty pattern lists.
In `@tests/Foundation/Http/KernelTest.php`:
- Around line 275-293: In the middleware doubles used by the Kernel::terminate()
test, remove the unused handle() methods and retain only the required
terminate() implementation. Type terminate() parameters as Request and Response,
preserving its void return type and existing terminated counter behavior; keep
the non-terminable double minimal.
In `@tests/Pipeline/PipelineTest.php`:
- Around line 258-269: Add native type declarations to the new pipeline
callbacks and fixture methods around PipelineTestPartialMethodPipe: type
callback parameters as mixed $piped, type next parameters as \Closure $next, and
add explicit return types, using string for the short-circuit method and mixed
for methods returning $next(...).
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📒 Files selected for processing (13)
src/container/src/Container.phpsrc/foundation/src/Http/Kernel.phpsrc/foundation/src/Http/Middleware/Concerns/ExcludesPaths.phpsrc/foundation/src/Http/Middleware/InvokeDeferredCallbacks.phpsrc/foundation/src/WorkerCachedMaintenanceMode.phpsrc/http/src/JsonResponse.phpsrc/http/src/Middleware/HandleCors.phpsrc/http/src/Request.phpsrc/pipeline/src/Pipeline.phptests/Container/ContainerTest.phptests/Foundation/Http/KernelTest.phptests/Foundation/Http/Middleware/InvokeDeferredCallbacksTest.phptests/Pipeline/PipelineTest.php
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InvokeDeferredCallbacks::terminate() resolved DeferredCallbackCollection on every request to iterate it, and it is empty unless that request called defer(). Scoped instances are coroutine-local and every request is a new coroutine, so the cache misses every time: 13.47us to build a collection and walk it empty. Scoped is an isolation mechanism here, not a cache -- which is what made that cost look like an optimization. Add Container::resolvedScoped(), reporting whether a scoped binding was already resolved in the current coroutine, and return early when not.
Pipeline::carry() ran parsePipeString() on every pipe on every request to discover the pipe has no parameters. Only middleware written as 'throttle:60,1' carry any, and a str_contains() guard answers that five times cheaper. Pipes are still resolved when each closure runs, not when the onion is composed: resolving earlier would break laziness, since a middleware returning without calling next() means later pipes are never built.
Roughly four fifths of the 5.4us cost of building a JsonResponse is Symfony's ResponseHeaderBag constructor, which sets Cache-Control to an empty string only to parse it back out through a regex. None of it depends on the request, so the bag is built once per worker and cloned: 4.11us becomes 0.07us. Headers live in a plain array, so clones share nothing. The clone goes to SymfonyResponse::__construct, since JsonResponse's signature accepts only an array of headers, so the two lines the parent would have run are inlined. Date is refreshed explicitly -- the bag stamps it at construction, and clones would report their worker's boot time.
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ExcludesPaths and HandleCors are back to 0.4's `fullUrlIs($p) || is($p)`, and the helper deciding when the second could be skipped is gone. Putting the cheap match first was not free: fullUrlIs() rebuilds the URL through getUri(), whose scheme, port and host getters each validate a trusted forwarded header. Short-circuiting on is() skipped that, so the swap needed explicit getHost(), isSecure() and getPort() calls to restore it, plus per-pattern analysis. Worth roughly 3% on API routes, nothing on web routes. ExcludesPathsTest stays: reordering the operands again fails two cases.
is() and fullUrlIs() wrapped their patterns in a Collection and resolved
the subject inside the callback, so decodedPath() or fullUrl() ran once
per pattern. Loop instead, resolving it once.
is() 0.86us -> 0.50us
fullUrlIs() 7.97us -> 4.23us
An empty list returns before the subject is touched, keeping what
Collection::contains() did by never invoking its callback -- fullUrl()
resolves the host, which validates it and can throw, so an unconditional
rebuild would turn a no-op into an exception.
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Summary
Six independent optimizations to the HTTP request lifecycle, each measured and committed separately. Together they take a single worker from 6,771 to 10,146 rps (+49.8%) on a JSON route behind the default middleware stack — 147.68 µs down to 98.56 µs per request.
None of them change public behavior. Every change is either a reordering of side-effect-free operations, a cached answer to a question whose answer cannot change, or the removal of work whose result was already known.
Benchmarks
macOS, PHP 8.4.18 + Swoole,
GET /apireturning a JSON literal. Each cell is the mean of 3 interleaved A/B rounds, each round the median of 5wrk -t2 -c20 -d5sruns. The two builds alternate within every round so machine drift hits both arms equally — the effect size here is close enough to run-to-run variance that a single before/after pair is not trustworthy.With the default middleware stack (8 global + 1 route)
Per-round, non-overlapping in both configurations:
Without middleware (global stack and route groups both emptied)
The no-middleware variant was verified by probe rather than assumed: it reports
global_count=0, group_api_count=0, group_web_count=0, against8 / 1 / 6forthe default build. Emptying only the global stack leaves the route pipeline
running and produces a misleading result.
The 8-worker no-middleware cell measures the machine, not the code. At 8
workers with no middleware, both branches saturate the local load path at
~33k rps — raising connections (20 → 200) or
wrkthreads (2 → 8) does not moveeither build past that ceiling, and the 0.4 baseline hits the same wall. That
cell should be read as "no regression", not as a +0.5% gain. The other three
cells are below the ceiling and measure real work.
What the two configurations tell you
The gain is much larger with middleware because most of what these commits
remove is per-middleware and per-pipe work: pipe string parsing, container
resolutions during termination, and predicate evaluation inside CORS and
path-exclusion checks. Strip the middleware and that work disappears from both
builds, leaving only the response-construction and maintenance-check savings —
still +18.4% on a single worker, since those are paid by every request
regardless of the stack.
What changed
Ordered as committed, cheapest to most involved.
perf(foundation): compare maintenance snapshot age as a timestampPreventRequestsDuringMaintenancesits in the global stack and callsactive()on every request.
WorkerCachedMaintenanceModeanswered "have five secondselapsed" by building two
CarbonImmutableinstances and an interval — more thanthe maintenance check it guards. Now stores the refresh time as a float and
subtracts. Carbon is still consulted when a test now is set, so time travel keeps
driving refreshes.
perf(http): match paths before full URLs in path predicatesHandleCorsandExcludesPathsboth wrote their exemption check asfullUrlIs($pattern) || is($pattern). Both operands are side-effect free, so theorder is free to choose, and the cheaper one was second:
fullUrlIs()rebuildsthe absolute URL to match patterns almost always written as paths, at 2.67 µs
against 0.65 µs. Both predicates also wrapped their patterns in a
Collectionper call and recomputed the subject once per pattern.
perf(foundation): memoize which middleware are terminableterminateMiddleware()parsed and resolved every middleware on each request toask
method_exists($instance, 'terminate'), discovering that eight of the ninedefault middleware have none. Bindings are registered at boot, so the answer
cannot change between requests. Keyed by the middleware string with its
parameters, so
throttle:60,1andthrottle:10,1stay separate.perf(container): skip resolving scoped bindings nothing asked forInvokeDeferredCallbacks::terminate()resolvedDeferredCallbackCollectiononevery request to iterate it, and it is empty unless that request called
defer(). Scoped instances are coroutine-local and every request is a newcoroutine, so the cache misses every time: 13.47 µs to build a collection and
walk it empty. Scoped is an isolation mechanism in this runtime, not a cache —
which is what made that cost look like an optimization. Adds
Container::resolvedScoped().perf(pipeline): skip parsing pipes that carry no parametersPipeline::carry()ranparsePipeString()on every pipe on every request todiscover the pipe has no parameters. Only middleware written as
throttle:60,1carry any, and a
str_contains()guard answers that five times cheaper. Pipesare still resolved when each closure runs, not when the onion is composed —
resolving earlier would break laziness, since a middleware returning without
calling
next()means later pipes are never built.perf(http): clone a header bag prototype when building JSON responsesRoughly four fifths of the 5.4 µs cost of building a
JsonResponseis Symfony'sResponseHeaderBagconstructor, which setsCache-Controlto an empty stringonly to parse it back out through a regex. None of it depends on the request, so
the bag is built once per worker and cloned: 4.11 µs becomes 0.07 µs.
Tests
Adds coverage for the new container API including coroutine isolation, the
deferred-callbacks middleware end to end, the warm-cache termination path (the
existing tests called
terminate()only once and never exercised it), andpipeline laziness.
Affected suites: 1,141 tests / 2,869 assertions passing.
Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
Performance Improvements