esm: preserve syntax error locations in dynamic imports

[GiHoon1123]

Dynamic imports of modules with syntax errors currently reject with a stack that points into the ESM loader instead of the module source. The compile path already records the source excerpt, but this error is raised before a ModuleJob can decorate the stack.

Decorate translator errors at the loader boundary and cover a caught dynamic import so the filename, line, and source location are retained.

Fixes: #49441

Tests:

• python3 tools/test.py --mode=release test/es-module/test-esm-syntax-error.mjs test/es-module/test-esm-loader-with-syntax-error.mjs test/es-module/test-require-module-errors.js test/es-module/test-esm-error-cache.js

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/loaders

[github-actions]

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[MikeMcC399]

The recommendations in:

• Guides and FAQs for first-time contributors

advise you should tackle only one issue at a time and that you should not open any new PRs until your first PR has been approved.

[GiHoon1123]

Sorry about that - didn't follow the one-issue-at-a-time guideline. Closing this for now and focusing on #64627 first, will reopen once that's merged.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.36%. Comparing base (f71d644) to head (68f2343).
⚠️ Report is 15 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #66402   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.36%   90.36%           
=======================================
  Files         792      792           
  Lines      275564   275571    +7     
  Branches    52832    52827    -5     
=======================================
+ Hits       249016   249028   +12     
+ Misses      16965    16962    -3     
+ Partials     9583     9581    -2     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js	99.80% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

... and 28 files with indirect coverage changes

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