K8SPG-1051 add pg 19

[nmarukovich]

CHANGE DESCRIPTION

Problem:
Add PostgreSQL 19 (beta) support as tech preview: CRD bounds bumped to 19, major-upgrade-18-to-19 e2e suite added, pg_cron/set_user blocked for 19 (no beta packages). Requires pgBackRest 2.59.

https://cloud.cd.percona.com/job/pg-community-docker-build/

https://github.com/Percona-Lab/jenkins-pipelines/pull/4302/changes
percona/percona-docker#1373

Cause:
Short explanation of the root cause of the issue if applicable.

Solution:
Short explanation of the solution we are providing with this PR.

CHECKLIST

Jira

• Is the Jira ticket created and referenced properly?
• Does the Jira ticket have the proper statuses for documentation (Needs Doc) and QA (Needs QA)?
• Does the Jira ticket link to the proper milestone (Fix Version field)?

Tests

• Is an E2E test/test case added for the new feature/change?
• Are unit tests added where appropriate?

Config/Logging/Testability

• Are all needed new/changed options added to default YAML files?
• Are all needed new/changed options added to the Helm Chart?
• Did we add proper logging messages for operator actions?
• Did we ensure compatibility with the previous version or cluster upgrade process?
• Does the change support oldest and newest supported PG version?
• Does the change support oldest and newest supported Kubernetes version?

[JNKPercona]

Test Name	Result	Time
backup-enable-disable	passed	00:16:22
builtin-extensions	passed	00:00:00
custom-extensions	passed	00:00:00
cert-manager-tls	passed	00:00:00
cert-management-policy	passed	00:00:00
custom-envs	passed	00:18:50
custom-tls	passed	00:00:00
database-init-sql	passed	00:00:00
demand-backup	passed	00:00:00
demand-backup-offline-snapshot	passed	00:00:00
dynamic-configuration	passed	00:00:00
extra-volumes	passed	00:00:00
finalizers	passed	00:00:00
init-deploy	passed	00:00:00
huge-pages	passed	00:00:00
major-upgrade-14-to-15	passed	00:00:00
major-upgrade-15-to-16	passed	00:00:00
major-upgrade-16-to-17	passed	00:00:00
major-upgrade-17-to-18	passed	00:14:42
ldap	passed	00:00:00
ldap-tls	passed	00:00:00
logcollection	passed	00:00:00
monitoring	passed	00:00:00
one-pod	passed	00:00:00
repo-host-autogrow	passed	00:00:00
operator-self-healing	passed	00:00:00
pgbouncer	passed	00:00:00
pg-tde	passed	00:00:00
pg-tde-wal-encrypt	passed	00:00:00
pitr	passed	00:00:00
scaling	passed	00:06:35
scheduled-backup	passed	00:00:00
self-healing	passed	00:00:00
sidecars	passed	00:00:00
standby-pgbackrest	passed	00:00:00
standby-streaming	passed	00:00:00
start-from-backup	passed	00:00:00
tablespaces	passed	00:00:00
telemetry-transfer	passed	00:00:00
upgrade-consistency	passed	00:00:00
upgrade-minor	passed	00:00:00
users	passed	00:00:00
migration-from-crunchy-standby	passed	00:00:00
migration-from-crunchy-pv	passed	00:00:00
migration-from-crunchy-backup-restore	passed	00:00:00

Summary	Value
Tests Run	45/45
Job Duration	00:51:31
Total Test Time	00:56:31

commit: e80c71e
image: perconalab/percona-postgresql-operator:PR-1699-e80c71eea