gh-159437: Skip tuple traversal when a tuple can be untracked

Include/internal/pycore_tuple.h

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED
 #include "pycore_structs.h"       // _PyStackRef
 
+/* Check whether an object is eligible for tuple untracking.
+ * `op`: The live object to inspect.
+ * Returns: True for an exact tracked tuple with no NULL or potentially tracked items.
+ */
+extern bool _PyTuple_CanUntrack(PyObject *op);
 extern void _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *);
 extern void _PyTuple_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out);
 

Lib/test/test_gc.py

@@ -107,6 +107,25 @@ def test_tuple(self):
         del l
         self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
 
+    @requires_gil_enabled("tests the generation-list collector")
+    def test_unreachable_tuple_leaf_is_collected(self):
+        """Keep unreachable tuple leaves in the collected-object count."""
+        was_enabled = gc.isenabled()
+        gc.disable()
+        self.addCleanup(gc.enable if was_enabled else gc.disable)
+        gc.collect()
+
+        cycle = []
+        # Iterator construction keeps this atomic-only tuple tracked until GC.
+        leaf = tuple(iter((object(),)))
+        cycle.extend((cycle, leaf))
+        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(leaf))
+
+        # The tuple must stay tracked until classification so both objects
+        # contribute to the collected count.
+        del cycle, leaf
+        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
+
     def test_class(self):
         class A:
             pass
@@ -1289,6 +1308,21 @@ def test_heap_size(self):
         del l
         self.assertEqual(count, _testinternalcapi.get_tracked_heap_size())
 
+    @requires_gil_enabled('need generational GC')
+    @unittest.skipIf(_testinternalcapi is None, "requires _testinternalcapi")
+    def test_heap_size_after_tuple_untracking(self):
+        """GC heap accounting reflects tuples untracked during collection."""
+        gc.collect()
+        count = _testinternalcapi.get_tracked_heap_size()
+        # Iterator-based construction initially tracks even atomic-only tuples.
+        value = tuple(iter((object(),)))
+        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(value))
+        self.assertEqual(count + 1, _testinternalcapi.get_tracked_heap_size())
+
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(value))
+        self.assertEqual(count, _testinternalcapi.get_tracked_heap_size())
+
 
 class GCCallbackTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-14-00-00-00.gh-issue-159437.gcTupS.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Garbage collection in builds with the GIL now skips reachability traversal for exact tuple survivors that can be untracked immediately.

Objects/tupleobject.c

@@ -134,14 +134,14 @@ PyTuple_SetItem(PyObject *op, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *newitem)
     return 0;
 }
 
-void
-_PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *op)
+bool
+_PyTuple_CanUntrack(PyObject *op)
 {
     PyTupleObject *t;
     Py_ssize_t i, n;
 
     if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(op) || !_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(op))
-        return;
+        return false;
     t = (PyTupleObject *) op;
     n = Py_SIZE(t);
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
@@ -151,9 +151,17 @@ _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *op)
            them yet. */
         if (!elt ||
             _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(elt))
-            return;
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+_PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *op)
+{
+    if (_PyTuple_CanUntrack(op)) {
+        _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(op);
     }
-    _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(op);
 }
 
 /* Fast, but conservative check if an object maybe tracked

Python/gc.c

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "pycore_object_alloc.h"  // _PyObject_MallocWithType()
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
-#include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack()
+#include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_CanUntrack()
 #include "pycore_weakref.h"       // _PyWeakref_ClearRef()
 #include "pydtrace.h"
 
@@ -595,18 +595,26 @@ move_unreachable(PyGC_Head *young, PyGC_Head *unreachable)
 
     while (gc != young) {
         if (gc_get_refs(gc)) {
-            /* gc is definitely reachable from outside the
-             * original 'young'.  Mark it as such, and traverse
-             * its pointers to find any other objects that may
-             * be directly reachable from it.  Note that the
-             * call to tp_traverse may append objects to young,
-             * so we have to wait until it returns to determine
-             * the next object to visit.
-             */
+            // gc is definitely reachable from outside the original 'young'.
+            // Unless it can be untracked, traverse its pointers to find other
+            // reachable objects.  tp_traverse may append objects to young,
+            // so wait until it returns to determine the next object to visit.
             PyObject *op = FROM_GC(gc);
-            traverseproc traverse = Py_TYPE(op)->tp_traverse;
             _PyObject_ASSERT_WITH_MSG(op, gc_get_refs(gc) > 0,
                                       "refcount is too small");
+            // An untrackable tuple cannot lead to another GC candidate.
+            if (PyTuple_CheckExact(op) && _PyTuple_CanUntrack(op)) {
+                // Ordinary untracking would overwrite the next node's gc_refs.
+                PyGC_Head *next = GC_NEXT(gc);
+                _PyGCHead_SET_NEXT(prev, next);
+                gc->_gc_prev &= _PyGC_PREV_MASK_FINALIZED;
+                gc->_gc_next = 0;
+                _PyInterpreterState_GET()->gc.heap_size--;
+                gc = next;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            traverseproc traverse = Py_TYPE(op)->tp_traverse;
             // NOTE: visit_reachable may change gc->_gc_next when
             // young->_gc_prev == gc.  Don't do gc = GC_NEXT(gc) before!
             (void) traverse(op,
@@ -616,21 +624,8 @@ move_unreachable(PyGC_Head *young, PyGC_Head *unreachable)
             _PyGCHead_SET_PREV(gc, prev);
             // gc is not COLLECTING state after here.
             gc_clear_collecting(gc);
-            if (PyTuple_CheckExact(op)) {
-                // Untracking gc overwrites the gc_refs of the next object.
-                PyGC_Head *next = GC_NEXT(gc);
-                uintptr_t next_refs = next->_gc_prev;
-                _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(op);
-                next->_gc_prev = next_refs;
-                if (gc->_gc_next != 0) {
-                    prev = gc;
-                    reachable++;
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                prev = gc;
-                reachable++;
-            }
+            prev = gc;
+            reachable++;
         }
         else {
             /* This *may* be unreachable.  To make progress,