fix(cli): clarify login method selection

apps/docs/content/docs/cli/authentication.mdx

@@ -5,17 +5,35 @@ description: Sign in from the terminal, authenticate CI with an API key, and kee
 
 import { Callout } from 'fumadocs-ui/components/callout'
 
-`sim login` signs you in through your browser and stores a short-lived login
-that renews itself and can be revoked at any time. In CI you supply an API key
-through the environment instead.
+`sim login` signs you in through your browser. It prefers OAuth, which stores a
+short-lived login that renews itself, and selects API-key pairing for remote
+terminals or servers without OAuth support. In CI you supply an existing API
+key through the environment instead.
 
 ## Signing in
 
 ```bash
 sim login
 ```
 
-The CLI opens your browser on Sim's sign-in page, then on a consent page that
+Choose a method explicitly when the credential type matters:
+
+```bash
+sim login --method oauth
+sim login --method api-key
+```
+
+`--method oauth` requires OAuth support and never falls back to an API key. The
+server must enable `OAUTH_PROVIDER_ENABLED=true`. Explicit OAuth selection also
+overrides SSH/headless detection; your browser still needs to reach the CLI's
+local callback. `--method api-key` uses pairing-code approval to create a new
+permanent API key. To supply an existing key, set `SIM_API_KEY` instead.
+
+API-key pairing requires a server that supports `platform` API keys. Upgrade
+older deployments that only issue `copilot` keys before starting login; those
+keys cannot authenticate the platform CLI.
+
+OAuth login opens your browser on Sim's sign-in page, then on a consent page that
 names the Sim CLI and what it will be able to do. Approve, and the browser hands
 control back to the terminal:
 
@@ -46,21 +64,21 @@ your login.
 
 | Option | What it does |
 | --- | --- |
-| `--no-browser` | Print the URL instead of opening a browser |
-| `--browserless` | Use the pairing-code handoff instead (see below) |
+| `--method <method>` | `oauth` requires OAuth login; `api-key` creates a permanent key through pairing. Auto-selects when omitted |
+| `--no-browser` | Print the approval URL without opening it; works with either method |
 | `--read-only` | Ask only for permission to read, never to change anything |
 | `--callback-port <port>` | Pin the loopback callback port, primarily for an SSH session that forwards the same fixed port |
-| `--scope <scope>` | Key space for the pairing-code handoff. Only `copilot` changes anything, and it forces that flow |
 | `-y, --yes` | Overwrite an existing API-key profile without prompting |
 
 ### Over SSH or in a container
 
-The browser login needs your browser to reach a listener on the machine running
+OAuth login needs your browser to reach a listener on the machine running
 `sim`. When it cannot — an SSH session, a dev container, a remote box — use the
-pairing-code handoff, which the CLI selects automatically in an SSH session:
+API-key pairing flow. The CLI selects it automatically in an SSH session when
+no method or callback port is specified:
 
 ```bash
-sim login --browserless
+sim login --method api-key --no-browser
 ```
 
 The terminal prints a pairing code and a URL you can open on any device:
@@ -85,16 +103,18 @@ approving. That check is what binds the approval to your terminal.
 
 The handoff issues a permanent personal API key rather than a renewing login,
 so revoke it under **Settings → API keys** when you are done with that machine.
-It is also the path for a deployment that predates OAuth sign-in, or one with
-the provider switched off; the CLI detects that and falls back on its own.
+It also works when OAuth is unavailable or switched off, provided the server
+supports platform API-key pairing. When `--method` is omitted, the CLI checks
+OAuth availability and selects pairing if unavailable; that discovery does not
+verify pairing compatibility. An explicit `--method oauth` fails in that case.
 
-`--read-only` and `--callback-port` belong to the browser login and have no
+`--read-only` and `--callback-port` belong to OAuth login and have no
 meaning here, so combining either with the handoff stops the login rather than
 storing a credential you did not ask for. If your SSH session forwards a port
-from the remote loopback interface to the browser's machine, pass that same
-`--callback-port <port>` on its own. An ordinary container port publication
+from the remote loopback interface to the browser's machine, use
+`--method oauth --callback-port <port>` with that port. An ordinary container port publication
 cannot reach a listener bound to the container's own loopback interface; use
-`--browserless` there.
+`--method api-key` there.
 
 ### Picking a workspace
 
@@ -160,7 +180,7 @@ authentication profile entirely is refused until its workspace profiles are
 removed, so it cannot leave dangling references.
 
 <Callout type="warn">
-For a login created with `--browserless`, `sim logout` removes the API key from
+For a login created with `--method api-key`, `sim logout` removes the API key from
 disk but does **not** revoke it. Revoke keys under **Settings → API keys**.
 </Callout>
 
@@ -279,5 +299,5 @@ a copied token from surviving an ambiguous refresh.
 ## Organization audit logs
 
 `sim audit-logs` requires a **personal** credential — an OAuth login, or the
-personal API key `sim login --browserless` issues. A workspace-scoped key cannot
+personal API key `sim login --method api-key` issues. A workspace-scoped key cannot
 read organization-level audit logs.

apps/docs/content/docs/cli/commands.mdx

@@ -64,9 +64,8 @@ sim login [options]
 
 | Option | Required | Description |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--scope <scope>` | No | Key space for the pairing-code handoff; only "copilot" changes anything, and it forces that flow. Defaults to `platform`. |
-| `--no-browser` | No | Print the URL instead of opening a browser. |
-| `--browserless` | No | Use the pairing-code handoff for a terminal whose browser cannot reach it (SSH, containers). |
+| `--method <method>` | No | Credential to obtain: oauth requires OAuth support; api-key creates a permanent key through pairing (auto-selects when omitted). Accepted values: `oauth`, `api-key`. |
+| `--no-browser` | No | Print the approval URL without opening it (either login method). |
 | `--read-only` | No | Ask only for permission to read, never to change anything. |
 | `--callback-port <port>` | No | Pin the local port the browser returns to. |
 | `-y, --yes` | No | Overwrite an existing API-key profile without prompting. |

apps/docs/content/docs/cli/reference.mdx

@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@ sim login [options]
 
 | Option | Required | Description |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--scope <scope>` | No | Key space for the pairing-code handoff; only "copilot" changes anything, and it forces that flow. Defaults to `platform`. |
-| `--no-browser` | No | Print the URL instead of opening a browser. |
-| `--browserless` | No | Use the pairing-code handoff for a terminal whose browser cannot reach it (SSH, containers). |
+| `--method <method>` | No | Credential to obtain: oauth requires OAuth support; api-key creates a permanent key through pairing (auto-selects when omitted). Accepted values: `oauth`, `api-key`. |
+| `--no-browser` | No | Print the approval URL without opening it (either login method). |
 | `--read-only` | No | Ask only for permission to read, never to change anything. |
 | `--callback-port <port>` | No | Pin the local port the browser returns to. |
 | `-y, --yes` | No | Overwrite an existing API-key profile without prompting. |

packages/sim-cli/README.md

@@ -33,16 +33,27 @@ Sign in to the default profile:
 sim login
 ```
 
-The CLI opens Sim in your browser, asks you to approve the requested access,
+With no `--method`, the CLI prefers OAuth when the server offers it and a local
+browser callback is possible. It selects API-key pairing for remote terminals
+or servers without OAuth. Use `sim login --method oauth` to require OAuth;
+if the server does not offer it, login fails without creating an API key.
+
+OAuth login opens Sim in your browser, asks you to approve the requested access,
 and receives the one-time authorization code on a loopback callback. It stores
 a short-lived OAuth login that renews automatically and can be revoked under
 **Settings → General → Authorized apps**. Choose a default workspace afterward with
 `sim configure --set-workspace <id>`.
 
-Use `sim login --no-browser` to print the OAuth URL without opening it. The
-browser must still be able to reach the CLI's loopback callback. Over SSH or in
-a container without port forwarding, use `sim login --browserless`; that
-pairing-code fallback creates a permanent personal API key instead.
+Use `--no-browser` with either method to print the approval URL without opening
+it. OAuth still needs the browser to reach the CLI's loopback callback. Over SSH
+or in a container without port forwarding, use
+`sim login --method api-key --no-browser` to approve from another device and
+create a permanent personal API key. `--method api-key` creates a new key;
+set `SIM_API_KEY` to supply an existing one.
+
+Pairing requires a server that supports `platform` API keys. Upgrade older
+deployments that only issue `copilot` keys before login; they are not compatible
+with the platform CLI. OAuth discovery does not check pairing compatibility.
 
 Check the active profile and verify that its endpoint, credential, and workspace
 work together:

packages/sim-cli/src/auth/device-flow.test.ts

@@ -190,9 +190,7 @@ describe('createAuthRequest', () => {
     const prefixed = 'https://host.test/sim'
     const auth = createAuthRequest()
 
-    expect(buildApprovalUrl(prefixed, auth, 'platform')).toMatch(
-      /^https:\/\/host\.test\/sim\/cli\/auth\?/
-    )
+    expect(buildApprovalUrl(prefixed, auth)).toMatch(/^https:\/\/host\.test\/sim\/cli\/auth\?/)
 
     // `spyOn`, like the rest of this file: `restoreAllMocks` in teardown undoes
     // it, whereas a `stubGlobal` would outlive the test and leak this
@@ -210,13 +208,18 @@ describe('createAuthRequest', () => {
 
   it('omits an absent workspace rather than sending it blank', () => {
     const auth = createAuthRequest()
-    expect(buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, auth, 'platform')).not.toContain('workspace=')
-    expect(buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, auth, 'platform', 'ws_1')).toContain('workspace=ws_1')
+    expect(buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, auth)).not.toContain('workspace=')
+    expect(buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, auth, 'ws_1')).toContain('workspace=ws_1')
+  })
+
+  it('always requests a platform API key', () => {
+    const url = new URL(buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, createAuthRequest()))
+    expect(url.searchParams.get('scope')).toBe('platform')
   })
 
   it('never puts the poll secret in the browser URL', () => {
     const auth = createAuthRequest()
-    const url = buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, auth, 'platform', 'ws_1')
+    const url = buildApprovalUrl(ENDPOINT, auth, 'ws_1')
     expect(url).toContain(encodeURIComponent(auth.challenge))
     expect(url).not.toContain(auth.pollSecret)
   })

packages/sim-cli/src/auth/device-flow.ts

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ const RETRYABLE_POLL_STATUSES = new Set([409, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504])
  */
 const TRANSPORT_FAILURES_BEFORE_WARNING = 3
 
-export type CliAuthScope = 'copilot' | 'platform'
+type CliAuthScope = 'copilot' | 'platform'
 
 export interface AuthRequest {
   /** Semi-public rendezvous handle; travels in the browser URL. */
@@ -103,14 +103,13 @@ export function createAuthRequest(): AuthRequest {
 export function buildApprovalUrl(
   endpoint: string,
   auth: AuthRequest,
-  scope: CliAuthScope,
   workspaceId?: string
 ): string {
   return buildUrl(endpoint, APPROVAL_PATH, {
     request: auth.request,
     challenge: auth.challenge,
     pairing: auth.pairing,
-    scope,
+    scope: 'platform',
     workspace: workspaceId,
   })
 }

packages/sim-cli/src/auth/oauth-flow.test.ts

@@ -300,15 +300,15 @@ describe('loginWithBrowser', () => {
     expect(response.headers['cache-control']).toBe('no-store')
   })
 
-  it('gives up after the timeout with the browserless fallback named', async () => {
+  it('gives up after the timeout with an explicit API-key login alternative', async () => {
     vi.stubGlobal('fetch', vi.fn())
     await expect(
       loginWithBrowser(ENDPOINT, {
         scopes: ['offline_access', 'api:read'],
         onAuthorizeUrl: () => {},
         timeoutMs: 20,
       })
-    ).rejects.toThrow('--browserless')
+    ).rejects.toThrow('--method api-key')
   })
 })
 

packages/sim-cli/src/auth/oauth-flow.ts

@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ function listenForCallback(
         finish({
           ok: false,
           error: new SimApiError(
-            `Timed out after ${Math.round(timeoutMs / 60000)} minutes waiting for the browser. Run sim login again, or use --browserless if this terminal's browser cannot reach it.`,
+            `Timed out after ${Math.round(timeoutMs / 60000)} minutes waiting for the browser. Run sim login again, or use --method api-key if this terminal's browser cannot reach it.`,
             0
           ),
         }),
@@ -567,9 +567,9 @@ export async function loginWithBrowser(
 
 /**
  * Whether this terminal's browser is unlikely to reach a loopback listener on
- * this machine: an SSH session, or a Linux box with no display. The signals
- * Railway and Stripe use to auto-select their pairing flows; `--browserless`
- * forces it and `--callback-port` overrides the guess.
+ * this machine: an SSH session, or a Linux box with no display. An explicit
+ * `--method` selects the flow without this guess; `--callback-port` opts into
+ * OAuth when a forwarded port makes the loopback listener reachable.
  */
 export function isLikelyRemoteSession(
   env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,